Without methyl bromide, weeds will be one of the greatest challenges facing growers. There are several herbicides that can be used in vegetable production, but many of these are not effective against the main weed problems in Florida, which include nutsedges, grasses, and a variety of broadleaf weeds.

Fungi that are used have host ranges that are strictly limited to the target weeds and do not pose a threat to the environment. Fungi are produced in the laboratory and then applied to plants in the field.

Using fungal plant pathogens for weed control shows promise as an alternative to methyl bromide.

Many chemicals alternatives are not effective in controlling nematodes. There are very few effective nematicides that are not harmful to the environment. Biological control combined with cultural control measures show the most promise for the future.

Fungi can be added to soil where they parasitize nematode eggs or feed on adults. These fungi are specific to nematodes and can be combined with transplant mixes for ease of application in the current production system.

Plastic mulches and soil solarization can reduce the need for herbicides. These practices can be combined with other tactics, such as organic amendments and biological control agents.

These combinations can be manipulated to suit the problems that are specific to particular growing regions, pest problems, and crops.

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