Executive Summary Introduction Study Area & Objective Methods Results Summary & Recommendations >Acknowledgements & References Statement of Work Appendix A Appendix B PDF Version

The South Florida Water Management District of the State of Florida provided funding for this study. Personnel from the US Geological Survey Center conducted this project as a cooperative study for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies and SFWMD. For helping with fieldwork from the USGS thanks is given to K. Cunningham, C. Dreher, J. Flocks, and D. Wiese. I also thank the SFWMD lift truck crew for their help with boat launch and recovery in the difficult access canals. S. Dadisman did seismic data processing and G. Brewer conducted archiving. I greatly appreciate the technical reviews of this manuscript by T. Edgar and K. Cunningham. SFWMD provided technical assistance and equipment in the field to help with access to canals. Thanks go to SFWMD C. Gefvert and S. Krupa for sharing their knowledge, experience, and for providing reports and core descriptions from the Lake Belt Area.

The use of trade, product, and firm names used in this report are for descriptive purposes only and in no way imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The U.S. Geological Survey and South Florida Water Management District prepares this information "as is" for its own purposes and this information may not be suitable for other purposes. This report has not been reviewed for conformity with U. S. Geological Survey editorial standards.

Anselmetti, F.S., von Salis, G.A., Cunningham, K.J., and Eberli, G.P., 1997, Acoustic properties of Neogene carbonates and siliciclastics from the subsurface of the Florida Keys; implications for seismic reflectivity: Marine Geology, v. 144, p. 9-31.

Causaras, C.R., 1987, Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, WRI 86-4126, 240 p., 3 sheets.

Cunningham, K.J. and Aviantara, A., 2001, Characterization of the karstic Biscayne Aquifer in southeastern Florida using ground-penetrating radar, digital optical borehole images, and cores: U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, U. S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations, WRI 01-4011, p. 134.

Cunningham, K.J., Burky, D., Tokiyuki S., Barron, J.A., Guertin, L.A., and Reese, R.S., 2001, Sequence stratigraphy of a south Florida carbonate ramp and bounding siliclastics (Late Miocene-Pliocene: in Missimer, T.M. and Scott, T.M. (ed), Geology and Hydrology of Lee County, Florida Durward H. Boggess Memorial Symposium, Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 49, p.35-66.

Cunningham, K.J., McNeill, D.F., Guertin, L.A., Ciesielski, P.F., Scott, T.M., and de Verteuil, L., 1998, New Tertiary stratigraphy for the Florida Keys and southern peninsula of Florida: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 231-258.

Enos, P., and Perkins, R.D., 1977, Quaternary sedimentation of South Florida: Geological Society of America Memoir 147, 198 p.

Evans, M.W., and Hine, A.C., 1991, Late Neogene sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate-siliciclastic transition; Southwest Florida: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 679-699.

Fish, J.E., and Stewart, M., 1991, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, WRI 90-4108, 50 p.

Ginsburg, R.N., 1956, Environmental relationships of grain size and constituent composition in some south Florida carbonate sediments: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 40, p. 2383-2427.

Guertin, L.A., Missimer, T.M., and McNeill, D.F., 2000, Hiatal duration of correlative sequence boundaries from Oligocene-Pliocene mixed carbonate/siliciclastic sediments of the South Florida Platform; [Monograph] Onshore-offshore correlation of Cenozoic strata, western margin of North Atlantic: Sedimentary Geology, v. 134, p. 1-26.

Guertin, L.A., McNeill, D.F., Lidz, B.H., and Cunningham, K.J., 1999, Chronologic model and transgressive-regressive signatures in the late Neogene siliciclastic foundation (Long Key Formation) of the Florida Keys: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 653-666.

Harrison, R.S., and Coniglio, M., 1985, Origin of the Pleistocene Key Largo Limestone, Florida Keys: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 33, p. 350-358.

Hoffmeister, J.E., and Multer, H.G., 1968, Geology and origin of the Florida Keys: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1487-1501.

Johnson, R.A., 1986, Shallow stratigraphic core tests on file at the Florida Geological Survey: Florida Geological Survey Information Circular 103, 431 p.

Kindinger, J.L., Davis, J.B., and Flocks, J.G., 1997, Seismic stratigraphy of the Indian River Region, Indian River County, Florida: U S Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-723, Map.

Kindinger, J.L., Davis, J.B., and Flocks, J.G., 1999, Geology and evolution of lakes in north-central Florida: Environmental Geology v. 38:4 p 301-321.

Kindinger, J.L., Davis, J.B., and Flocks, J.G., 2000, Subsurface Characterization of Selected Water Bodies in the St. Johns River Water Management District, Northeast Florida: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-180, (Large format Atlas, 24 x 36") 46 plates, CD-ROM.

Knapp, M.S., Burns, W.S., and Sharp, T.S., 1986, Preliminary assessment of the groundwater resources of western Collier County, Florida: South Florida Water Management District Publication 86-1, 142 p.

Lidz, B.H., Hine, A.C., Shinn, E.A., and Kindinger, J.L., 1991, Multiple outer-reef tracts along the South Florida bank margin; outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model: Geology (Boulder), v. 19, p. 115-118.

Ludwig, K.R., Muhs, D.R., Simmons, K.R., Halley, R.B., and Shinn, E.A., 1996, Sea-level records at approximately 80 ka from tectonically stable platforms; Florida and Bermuda: Geology (Boulder), v. 24, p. 211-214.

Missimer, T.M., 1984, The geology of South Florida: A summary: in Gleason, P.J., (ed.) Environments of South Florida, present and past II: Miami Geological Survey Memoir 2, p. 385-404.

Missimer, T.M., 1992, Stratigraphic relationships of sediment facies within the Tamiami Formation of southwest Florida: proposed intraformational correlations: in Scott, T.M. and Allmon, W.D. (eds.), The Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleontology of southern Florida: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 36, p. 63-92.

Missimer, T.M., 1997, Late Oligocene to Pliocene evolution of the central portion of the South Florida Platform: mixing of siliciclastics and carbonate sediments (Ph.D. dissertation: Coral Gables, Florida, University of Miami, 2 volumes, 406 and 587 p.

Missimer, T.M., 1999, Sequence stratigraphy of the late Miocene-early Pliocene Peace River Formation, southwestern Florida: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 49, p. 358-368.

Northwest Dade County Freshwater Lake Belt Plan, 1997, Making a whole not just a hole: South Florida Water Management District, 30 p.

Nemeth, M.S., Wilcox, W.M., and Solo-Gabriele, H.M., 2000, Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, WRI 00-4066.

Peacock, R., 1983, The post Eocene stratigraphy of southern Collier County, Florida: South Florida Water Management District Publication 83-5, 42 p.

Peck, D.M., Slater, D.H., Missimer, T.M., and others, 1979, Stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Tamiami Formation in Lee and Hendry Counties, Florida: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 49, p. 328-341.

Randazzo, A.F., and Jones, D.S., 1997, The geology of Florida: University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, 327 p.

Reese, R.S., and Cunningham, K.J., 2000, Hydrogeology of the gray limestone aquifer in southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, WRI 99-4213, 244 p.

Sacks, L.A., Lee, T.M. and Tihansky, A.B. 1991, Hydrogeologic Setting and Preliminary Data Analysis for the Hydrologic Budget Assessment of Lake Barco, an Acidic Seepage Lake in Putnam, County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey WRIR 91-4180.

Scott, T.M., 1988, The lithostratigraphy of the Hawthorn Group (Miocene) of Florida: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 59, 148 p.

Shinn, E.A., Lidz, B.H., Halley, R.B., Hudson, J.H., and Kindinger, J.L., 1989, Reefs of Florida and the Dry Tortugas; Field trips for the 28th international geological congress: American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States, 53 p.

Smith, K.R., and Adams, K.M., 1988 Ground water assessment of Hendry County, Florida: South Florida Water Management District Technical Publication 88-12, 109 p.

Stanley, S.M., 1966, Paleoecology and diagenesis of Key Largo Limestone, Florida: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 50, p. 1927-1947.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1953, Central and southern Florida project for flood control and other purposes, Part I Agricultural and conservation areas, Supplement 7 - Design memorandum permeability investigations: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, Florida, Serial Number 20, p. 25, Plates 1,2, 17, 25.

Warzeski, E.R., Cunningham, K.J., Ginsburg, R.N., Anderson, J.B., and Ding, Z., 1996, A Neogene mixed siliciclastic and carbonate foundation for the Quaternary carbonate shelf, Florida Keys: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, no. 4, p. 788-800.

Wedderburn, L.A., Knapp, M.S., Waltz, D.P., and Burns, W.S., 1982, Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of Lee County, Florida: South Florida Water Management District Technical Publication 86-1, 193 p.

Wiener, J.M. 1982, Geologic Modeling in the Lake Wauberg-Chacala Pond Vicinity Utilizing Seismic Refraction Techniques: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, M.S. thesis, 94 p.