John W. Jones Virginia Carter (retired); Nancy B. Rybicki; Justin T. Reel; Henry A. Ruhl; David W. Stewart 199907 map Third International Symposium on Ecohydraulics Proceedings Salt Lake City, UT International Association for Hydraulic Research The map was published as part of a paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, sponsored by the International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR), held in Salt Lake City, UT, on July 12-16, 1999. http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html The map shows the 8-class vegetation cover developed from Landsat TM data used for the SICS area. This map was created specifically for surface-water flow velocity indexing within hydrodynamic models created by the U.S. Geological Survey. Vegetation classes in this map represent mixes of vegetation types that share structural characteristics and ranges of flow resistance as determined through field, laboratory, and hydrodynamic model experiments. Some of these vegetation types are more typically segregated into separate classes. Therefore, the user is cautioned not to treat this map as a standard vegetation classification. This map's characteristics and your requirements should be carefully considered before adopting this map for your particular use. Surface water flow velocity in the wetlands of Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, is controlled by factors such as water depth, land-surface gradient, wind effects, and the type and density of vegetation. To evaluate the effect of vegetation on this shallow surface-water flow for model development, it is necessary to extrapolate from point measurements of velocity and surface-water slope made concurrently with characterization of vegetation at locations throughout the slough to the entire model area. This map was created solely for the purpose of extrapolating field and laboratory measured vegetation resistances to flow to the area of Taylor Slough/The Everglades National Park being modeled in the Southern Inland Coastal System (SICS) model domain. The SICS study area is located in the southeast quadrant of Everglades National Park (ENP). It encompasses the interface of the wetlands of the Taylor Slough and southern C-111 canal drainage basins with nearshore tidal embayments of Florida Bay. The study area is bounded on the east by U.S. Highway 1, and C-111 canal and levee; on the north and west by ENP Road (SR27) and Old Ingraham Highway; and on the south by Florida Bay. 1997 1999 ground condition Complete None planned -81 -80.33 25.5 25 none vegetation remote sensing hydrology mapping ISO 19115 Topic Category environment imageryBaseMapsEarthCover inlandWaters 007 010 012 Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology United States US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST Florida FL Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Miami-Dade County Monroe County USGS Geographic Names Information System Everglades National Park C-111 Canal Taylor Slough none SICS Southern Inland Coastal System Old Inghram Highway Central Everglades None none John Jones U.S. Geological Survey Project chief mailing address

521 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 703 648-5543 703 648-4165 jwjones@usgs.gov http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/vegmap.html SICS vegetation map GIF Geotiff image and exported ARC/INFO grid Carter, Virginia Rybicki, Nancy B.; Reel, Justin T.; Ruhl, Henry A.; Stewart, David W.; Jones, John W. 199907 map Third International Symposium on Ecohydraulics Proceedings Salt Lake City, UT International Association for Hydraulic Research Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/vegclass/vegclass.pdf Olmsted, I. C. Loope, L. L.; Russell, R. P. 1981 report Report T-620 Florida National Park Service South Florida Research Center Olmsted, I. C. Loope, L. L.; Rintz, R. E. 1980 report Report T-586 Florida National Park Service South Florida Research Center Stewart, D. W. 1997 fact sheeet USGS Fact Sheet 193-97 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-193-97/ Rintz, R. E. Loope, L. L. 1978 report Florida National Park Service South Florida Research Center Craighead, F. C. 1969 report The Florida Naturalist October Maitland, FL Florida Audubon Society not applicable not applicable Unknown 1997 remote-sensing image remote sensing image 19970103 ground condition image The Landsat TM satellite image was used as the basis of the vegetation classification and as the background on which to add ground truth data. Measurements of flow velocity and surface-water slope were made on four different dates on three west-to-east transects across Taylor Slough. Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were used to establish the location of sampling points so that measurements could be repeated at the same site as desired. On three of these sampling dates, vegetation, including periphyton, was harvested from 0.5-m 2 quadrats in horizontal layers, either 10 or 20 cm thick, from the bed through the water column to the top of the plants. The plant material was sorted and measured and both plant material and periphyton were oven-dried at 105 deg. C for 12 hours or more to determine biomass of the individual components in grams dry weight per square meter (gdw/m 2 ). Species composition, density, leaf and(or) culm number and size, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass were determined for each layer. In addition, total biomass, total biomass minus periphyton biomass, and total LAI were calculated for each individual quadrat. The quadrats were grouped according to species composition and subsequently into density classes based on total biomass minus periphyton: sparse = 0-500 gdw/m 2, medium = 500-1000 gdw/m 2, dense = 1000-2000 gdw/m 2, and very dense = >2000 gdw/m 2. A variety of remotely sensed products were available for developing the vegetation cover maps, including 1:12,000-scale color digital orthophoto quadrangles and the color infrared (IR) aerial photographs from which these were made, a 68-class 1993-94 Landsat vegetation cover classification map of southern Florida developed by the former National Biological Service and the University of Florida, and several vegetation maps of parts of the Taylor Slough model area (Rintz and Loope, 1978; Olmsted et al., 1980; Olmsted et al., 1981). In addition, we acquired a set of 1997 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images that covered the model area. A geographic information system graphical user interface (DBView), which was developed specifically to assimilate and interpret spatial data (Stewart,1997), was used to manipulate and recombine the 68 classes in the south Florida Landsat map into six vegetation cover classes plus water using the color IR photographs, digital orthophoto quadrangles, and vegetation maps for guidance. Following a detailed examination of this vegetation map and correlation of the map with ground-truth information, a second vegetation cover map was developed using a January 1997 TM image. The Landsat TM instrument records both reflected (six bands) and emitted (thermal band) energy, respectively, for each ground area sampled. The ground spacing of reflected light measurements is nominally 30 m,while each thermal measurement represents an area 120 m on a side. Typically, the reflected and thermal data are processed separately. However, for this effort, the thermal data were oversampled to the 30-m resolution of the reflected bands. All data points within the resulting 7-band image were statistically grouped into 20 land-cover classes. The result of this process was then geometrically rectified to match the coordinate system used for all other field and remote sensing data collection. Using DBView, vegetation data collected in the field, and field observations, the 20 land-cover classes were further grouped into the seven vegetation classes and one water class. Evaluation of these two vegetation cover maps required field trips to many sites within or on the periphery of Taylor Slough, including the area to the east that includes the C-111 canal area criss-crossed by drainage canals and the area to the west along the main park road to Flamingo and the Old Ingraham Highway. A special field reconnaissance was made to northern Florida Bay to check the map classes along the Buttonwood Embankment (Craighead, 1969) and the edges of the tidal embayments where Taylor Slough flows into Florida Bay. In addition, the GPS locations of the samples were plotted directly on the vegetation cover maps using DBView to identify the vegetation class from which each sample came. Unknown John Jones U.S. Geological Survey Project chief mailing address

521 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 703 648-5543 703 648-4165 jwjones@usgs.gov SICS area Raster Grid Cell Universal Transverse Mercator 17 0.9996 -81 0 500000 0 Row and Column 30 30 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137 298.257 Vegetation type is represented by the following colors: red - sawgrass dark blue - sawgrass/bunchgrass brown - sawgrass/rush yellow - rush (other) purple - evergreen blue-green - mangrove/water green - mangrove/buttonwood cyan - open water USGS personnel Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Vegetation map of the SICS area No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data Arc/Info grid unknown http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/sics_veg.e00 The file may be downloaded from the SOFIA website Georeferenced TIFF (geotiff) unknown Both the geotiff and the tfw files are necessary to use this version of the map http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html The files may be downloaded from the SOFIA website none 20070326 Heather Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998