Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Suzanne D. Weedman
      Publication_Date: unpublished material
      Title: Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System in Southwest Florida
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/surficial/
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The objective of this project is to provide to hydrologic modelers a
      three-dimensional database of the geologic and hydrologic properties
      of the sediments and rocks of the surficial aquifer system in
      southwest Florida, in Collier and Monroe Counties.  Emphasis will be
      placed on the geologic framework of the aquifer.

      Two independent methods are used in this study to estimate the age of
      the aquifer rocks and sediments. Samples from cores will be examined
      for fossil dinoflagellate cysts, pollen, mollusks, foraminifers, and
      ostracodes, and their age determined by correlation to other distant
      sites that have been dated isotopically. Age also will be estimated by
      the isotopic composition of strontium in unaltered shells. The ratio
      of the stable isotopes of strontium in the oceans has varied over
      geologic time such that, in the last 40 million years, there has been
      a unique relation between age and isotopic composition.  Marine
      invertebrates incorporate the strontium isotopic ratio of the ocean
      into their shells as they grow, thereby preserving evidence of their
      age.

      Geophysical logs provide a continuous downhole record of the
      properties of the rocks that form the aquifer. They are especially
      valuable in providing physical and chemical properties of the corehole
      where particular intervals of core recovery are poor. Also, they allow
      extension of hydrologic test data from discrete samples to the rest of
      the core. Geophysical logs, combined with aquifer water properties and
      flow measurements, will be used to relate large-scale ground-water
      circulation to the distribution of hydrologic properties of the
      aquifer. For example, flowmeter logs can confirm that the most
      permeable intervals, as inferred from core measurements, coincide with
      the intervals that conduct the most flow in the vicinity of test
      wells. Geophysical logs also will indicate which confining units act
      to separate the aquifer system into discrete aquifers having different
      water quality and hydraulic head.
    Purpose:
      Restoration and management of the south Florida ecosystem will be
      guided by hydrologic models that simulate water flowing through the
      wetlands and shallow subsurface aquifers beneath them.   The
      restoration of the ecosystem is, essentially, the restoration of the
      natural hydrologic system.  As surface water is re-diverted from
      manmade canals to its more natural sstate and overland flow, several
      changes are predicted to occurr.  First, because water flowing over
      land moves more slowly than in canals, overland flow should remain in
      the wetlnad ecosystem for a longer period each year.  Second, as
      flowing water spreads out over the wetlands, recharge to the shallow
      aquifers should increase as more of that water infiltrates into the
      ground.  The U.S. Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida
      Water Management District (SFWMD) will use hydrologic models to
      anticipate the consequences of these proposed restoration plans.  This
      reseaerch project is designed to provide essential subsurface data to
      improve hydrologic models for land and water managers in southwest
      Florida where subsurface information is lacking.  Obtaining
      hydrogeological data involves core drilling, corehole testing, and
      rock and sediment analysis.  Understanding the geologic history of the
      sediments and rocks of the aquifer system is necessary to place the
      hydrologic properties of that system into a geologic framework.
    Supplemental_Information: This project ended in 1999.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 199602
        Ending_Date: 1999
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.7
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.86
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.18
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.73
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: aquifer tests
      Theme_Keyword: geologic core
      Theme_Keyword: geophysical logs
      Theme_Keyword: hydrogeology
      Theme_Keyword: surficial aquifer system
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: 008
      Theme_Keyword: 012
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of
        Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, 
        Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC,
        National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: US
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of
        the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the
        United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing
        Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: FL
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of
        the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3,
        Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: Collier County
      Place_Keyword: Monroe County
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
      Place_Keyword: Big Cypress National Preserve
      Place_Keyword: Everglades National Park
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Central Everglades
      Place_Keyword: Florida Keys
      Place_Keyword: SW Big Cypress
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: None
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bruce R. Wardlaw
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 926A
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 5288
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648 5420
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwardlaw@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/fs/158-96
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Figure 1 shows the project study area
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Station location and description are stored for each core location in
    the USGS NWIS database. Geologic and geophysical logs are stored text
    and graphic files.
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Reese, Ronald S.

        Cunningham, Kevin J.
      Publication_Date: 2000
      Title: Hydrogeology of the Gray Limestone Aquifer in Southern Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: 99-4213
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Other_Citation_Details:
        Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management
        District
      Online_Linkage: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri99_4213_reese.html
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Edwards, L. E.

        Weedman, S. D.; Simmons, K. R.; Scott, T. M.; Brewster-Wingard, G.
        L.; Ishman, S. E.; Carlin, N. M.
      Publication_Date: 1998
      Title:
        Lithostratigraphy, petrography, biostratigraphy, and
        strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of
        western Collier County, Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 98-205
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/98-205/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Weedman, S. D.

        Paillet, F. L; Edwards, L. E.; Simmons. K. R.; Scott, T. M.;
        Wardlaw, B. R.; Reese, R. S.; Blair, J. L.
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Title:
        Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and
        strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of
        eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 99-432
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-432/index.html
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Weedman, S. D.

        Paillet, F. L.; Means, G. H.; Scott, T. M.
      Publication_Date: 1997
      Title:
        Lithology and geophysics of the surficial aquifer system in western
        Collier County, Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 97-436
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr97436
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Paillet. F. L.
      Publication_Date: 200104
      Title:
        Integrating surface and borehole geophysics in the characterization
        of salinity in a coastal aquifer
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: unknown
        Publisher:
          The First International Conference on Saltwater Intrusion and
          Coastal Aquifers
      Other_Citation_Details:
        This paper is from the proceedings of the The First International
        Conference on Saltwater Intrusions and Coastal Aquifers -
        Monitoring, Modeling, and Management, Essaouira, Morocco
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/int_geophysics/index.html
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
  Completeness_Report: not available
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Approximately 21 coreholes were drilled through the surficial
        aquifer system, averaging 200 feet in depth.  Geophysical logs were
        run after the holes were drilled.  Geophysical probes were placed
        into the coreholes to determine water and rock composition, rock
        porosity, water-flow rates, hole diameter, and roughness.  A
        flowmeter was used to measure direction (up or down) and magnitude
        of flow in the aquifer at specific depths.

        Cores have been examined for mineralogy, texture, sedimentary
        structures, and fossils to determine rock type, age, mineralization,
        and porosity and to differentiate the zones that form aquifers from
        the confining units that separate them.

        Stratigraphic units have been identified and correlated between
        coreholes and their properties estimated where core data are absent.

        Aquifer tests were being performed on selected coreholes to measure
        permeability of the aquifer system.
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Bruce R. Wardlaw
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 926A
            City: Reston
            State_or_Province: VA
            Postal_Code: 20192
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 5288
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648 5420
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwardlaw@usgs.gov
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bruce R. Wardlaw
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 926A
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 5288
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648 5420
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwardlaw@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system in SW Florida
  Distribution_Liability: The data have no implied or explicit guarantees.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Non-digital_Form: Contact Bruce Wardlaw for data from this project.
    Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070220
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 600 Fourth Street South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998