John W. Jones Jean-Claude Thom, (retired); Dan Sechrist, 2004-2011, Greater Everglades Landscape Dynamics.Online Links:
Current project personnel are John Jones, Annette Elmore, and Natlee Hernandez. Other project personnel included George Lemeshewsky, George Delinski, Al Warren, Greg Desmond, Dan Sechrist, Robert Stevens, Robert Glover, Susan Price, and Gail Winters. Current USGS collaborators include Katherine Skalak, Judson W. Harvey, Thomas J. Smith III, Ann M. Foster, and Paul Conrads. Ed German (retired) and David Sumner collaborated on the evapotranspiration extrapolation portion of this project.
703 648-5543 (voice)
703 648-4165 (FAX)
jwjones@usgs.gov
The primary goal of this project is to provide restoration-critical information regarding past and current characteristics of the Greater Everglades land surface. Information created through this project has been used for field instrument placement, to increase the accuracy of hydrologic and other surface process simulations, and to increase our understanding of the role that vegetation and other surface features play in removal of surface water, resistance to surface water flow, water quality, habitat condition, and habitat functioning in South Florida. The project has developed innovative methods for geospatial data production and analysis of land surface characteristics at various points in time. The generated data themselves will provide the baseline information necessary to begin monitoring the effects of restoration actions.
Developed algorithms for extrapolation of in-situ evapotranspiration measurements using statistical summaries of TM data
Produced map of evapotranspiration with l00m resolution for south Florida for the image date of 3/21/96
Tested and eliminated the possibility of transferring TM developed statistical techniques to AVHRR for improved temporal resolution
Developed spectra for samples of cattail, sawgrass, periphyton, and open water through in situ measurements
Developed co-registered, georeferenced data sets from TM, SPOT, AVHRR, STATSGO SOILS, and climate stations in GIS format
Calibration of TM and AVHRR data sets to radiance, reflectance, and apparent surface temperature
Development of procedures for statistical sampling and analysis of any georeferenced data set using a combination of GIS, image processing, and advanced statistical software
Fieldwork for this effort has included the collection of high-resolution reflectance spectra for a great number of vegetation and land surfaces. Also, vegetation biomass and other structural characteristics have been sampled at intensive field study sites. Along with other ground data such as water level, elevation, and land cover type, these data are being used to test the efficacy of data fields and vegetation maps derived from the remotely sensed data. Data from numerous airborne and satellite imaging systems have been georeferenced and pre-processed to facilitate data fusion and analysis. Databases of different temporal and spatial solutions (depending on extent) that depict changes in vegetation amount and vigor (through vegetation indexes) have been developed for small areas like the Everglades Nutrient Removal project area and the entire South Florida region. A vegetation map of the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) model study area has been developed for the application of spatially distributed fields of vegetation flow resistance. A similar map is currently being produced for the Tides and Inflows to Mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) study area. Data from several different remote-sensing systems and in situ data collections have been fused for the development of other map products to include vegetation density, surface reflectance, and inundated areas, as well as the development of visually enhanced satellite image maps. Finally, spatial analysis of derived variables has been undertaken to address issues of scale important in aggregation for hydrodynamic modeling.
Satellite Image Mapping in the Big Cypress area
This task will produce a 1:100K satellite image map of Big Cypress area that will abut the two previous satellite image maps created through this project (i.e., The Southern Everglades and Northern Everglades image maps).
The image fusion and other cartographic procedures developed through this research project will be applied using additional data acquired for the region of the Big Cypress preserve. Procedures that produce tonal and resolution qualities that match those of previous image maps will be used so that one mosaic can be made of all the data for the region of South Florida below Lake Okeechobee. The image maps previously created have been widely used as an outreach and planning tool. The development of the map for the Big Cypress region is a logical conclusion to pre-restoration image map production. The requirement to match previous satellite image map characteristics makes the near-term execution of this task critical.
1) Link high-resolution remote sensed indices of vegetation characteristics with point-based measurements of vegetation characteristics. This will be accomplished using previously collected vegetation and remotely sensed data using multiple regression techniques.
2) Develop relationships between high-resolution remotely sensed vegetation indices and satellite-based (coarser resolution) vegetation indices.
3) Use spatial analysis to extrapolate vegetation index models throughout the TIME model domain using multi-date satellite imagery.
4) Populate hydrodynamic models with spatially distributed, multidate flow resistance indices based on the extrapolated vegetation parameters.
5) Evaluate model performance with and without fields of vegetation flow resistance.
Throughout the year, requests and opportunities arise for pilot studies to investigate the use of novel remote sensing and geospatial analysis techniques to gather information of importance to CERP objectives, water quality and flow modeling, ecological modeling, and even as an aid to other remote sensing efforts. Two specific pilot mapping activities are currently planned for FY 2003 and FY 2004. The first is focused on the characterization of solution holes in the Rocky Glades. Solution holes in the that region may constitute critical refugia and other habitat. Little is known about their spatial distribution or structural characteristics. It is also not clear how water resource manipulation will impact the function of these holes. The objective of this subtask is to investigate the potential of remote sensing techniques for solution hole survey, characterization, and monitoring.
A second subtask is focused on periphytoon detection and mapping. Periphyton affects water flow, mercury methelation, and the reflectance recorded by remotely sensed imagery. Previous research has demonstrated that periphyton mapping may be possible using hyperspectral imaging techniques that are currently used operationally. The minimum objective of this pilot study is to determine whether the presence or absence of periphyton can be estimated through the use of operational remote sensing systems. A "perihyton index" is the goal. Our ability to conduct more sophisticated periphyton mapping research will be dependent on available data and collaborator resources. If appropriate ground and remote sensing data are available, this work may be extended to included periphyton composition mapping.
In FY 2003, airborne imagery will be collected and analyzed for its efficacy in mapping the location and surface characteristics of solution holes. Airborne aerial photography will be evaluated through visual interpretation and compared against validation data collected in the field. In addition, bathymetric LIDAR data will be collected for examination in FY 2004.
1. Land surface characterization for hydrological and ecological modeling
We will complete the collection of multi-temporal leaf area index (LAI) measurements at various points within the Greater Everglades region. Methods of extrapolating LAI values from points to the region will be developed and tested. We will then use spatial analysis to characterize the spatial structure in LAI at multiple scales and use that characterization to develop and test techniques for assigning flow resistance coefficients that are adjusted for sub-cell heterogeneity to TIME model cells.
2. Greater Everglades focused Status and Trends Topical Report
Following USGS publication guidelines, we will compile and publish a USGS circular-like document using both reprinted and custom-generated papers. At present, we anticipate including the following: 1) Document introduction and overview of Everglades environmental issues/the concerted Everglades restoration project 2) Everglades vegetation history from sediment core pollen analysis 3) Modeling Everglades surface hydrodynamics 'getting the water right' 4) The impact of anthropogenic Twentieth Century land use change on sea breeze generated convective rainfall and sensible weather over the South Florida Peninsula 5) Hurricanes impacts on Everglades mangroves 6) A sampling framework for Everglades landcover change assessment 7] A sidebar regarding Satellite image maps as research, monitoring, and educational outreach tools
Field/remote sensing technique development for scaling studies, data calibration, and targeted CERP-MAP activities 1. Solution hole mapping pilot study: Using extremely high resolution orthographic imagery generated by post-processing the data we collect using our airborne imaging system, we will map the location and density of various types of solution holes for pilot study areas in the Rocky Glades region. This image data will be coordinated with field data collection on solution-hole content and characteristics. This activity is directly responsive to the performance measure (GE-A4) information need identified in the MAP (section 3.1.4.7 titled the Role of Solution Holes as Aquatic Refuges for Marsh Fishes and Other Aquatic Animals in Karst Wetlands) that calls for a "Pilot Study of Remote Sensing/Surveying Methods for Estimating Refuge Characteristics". Three work activities are being specifically addressed through this activity: a. Conduct a pilot study to test alternative remote sensing methods to determine their resolution and accuracy in estimating hole density, areas, and depths in the rocky glades. b. Validate the methods by comparison to results from standard land surveying methods. c. Determine optimum study designs and survey methods to characterize the density, areas, and depth distributions of solution holes in the rocky glades in a spatially explicit manner. 2. Cooperative, structured field experiment on periphyton hyperspectral analysis: Previous research by the principle investigator has established methods of differentiating gross differences in periphyton composition along environmental gradients using hyperspectral airborne imaging. While this experiment relied in part on field-collected handheld radiometry, detailed quantitative analyses of periphyton content was not possible because resources for detailed taxonomic analysis of the periphyton were unavailable. This year, in collaboration with the South Florida Water Management District, we will collect spectra over ground samples of periphyton that will then be carefully collected and analyzed using established SFWMD protocols and analytical resources. In this way, we will test whether spectral features identified through previous research are truly diagnostic of periphyton assemblage composition. This activity is directly responsive to trophic systems monitoring requirements for periphyton production, cover, and composition associated with the key uncertainty of vegetation mapping technology development (MAP Section 3.1.4.5) and vegetation mapping technology development as well as using hyperspectral systems as a cost-effective way of mapping Everglades landscape and water quality patterns.
Construction of well-calibrated, high quality multi-resolution and multi-temporal databases for landscape-scale modeling and targeted CERP-MAP work activities.
This task is focused on the development and testing of methods for multi-temporal satellite data radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction to provide for most accurate and consistent land cover change analysis, biophysical remote sensing, and CERP monitoring. The objective is to build a remote sensed database that is:
1. Well-calibrated (converted to physical values with some mitigation of atmospheric effects) 2. Multi-scale (temporally: from event based to frequent; spatially: from point-based to regional) 3. Multi-spectral (panchromatic, hyperspectral, RADAR, LIDAR, etc.) 4. Extensively documented (metadata traces all processing actions).
Three different calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms will be implemented and rigorously evaluated for their efficiency and effectiveness in producing consistent, regional temporal series of satellite data for Everglades research and monitoring. This evaluation will be completed using the rich, previously assembled data base of Landsat TM, Landsat MSS, SPOT XS, and AVHRR data augmented with new acquisitions of MODIS, ASTER, Hyperion, and other satellite/airborne data. Because coverage by these sensor systems is regional and the ultimate use of these data is land surface change monitoring, this Task directly supports most restoration projects south of Lake Okeechobee.
Landscape dynamics for landscape model development and enhancement
This year, the study will begin testing hypotheses in three subject areas:
1. Landscape ecology: This activity will focus on a specific ecological premise regarding wetland/vegetation landscape pattern and extent (MAP sections 3.1.2.X) about pattern and directionality in Everglades wetland landscapes. Landscape metrics will be applied to study-derived multi-scale field and remote sensed data to understand the scale lengths and directions over which contemporary vegetation density varies in the Greater Everglades. Such analyses will also inform the development of higher resolution hydrologic models - another need identified in the DOISP (pg 81). 2. Change Detection: We will quantify the thresholds of land surface spectral change that are detectable in calibrated satellite data. Change detection techniques (e.g., image differencing and multi-temporal principle components analysis) will be applied to the calibrated satellite image library developed in Task 2 to determine the types of changes that can be detected and the timescale(s) over which changes occur. Because the Altantic Coastal Ridge will also be included in change detection analyses this year, information will be provided that supports the need to understand links between hydrology and ecology for the Biscayne Bay (DOISP pgs 66/67). 3. Vegetation/environment relationships: Multivariate visualization and statistical analyses will be applied to the Everglades Vegetation Database and High Accuracy Elevation Dataset to examine relationships among vegetation and topography that have been suggested through field-based research as documented in the literature. Greater understanding of vegetation/topography relationships will aid modeling and planning for habitat and species recovery projects (DOISP section 4).
Construction of well-calibrated, high quality multi-resolution and multi-temporal databases for landscape-scale modeling and targeted CERP-MAP work activities.
Three different calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms will be implemented and rigorously evaluated for their efficiency and effectiveness in producing consistent, regional temporal series of satellite data for Everglades research and monitoring. This evaluation will be completed using the rich, previously assembled data base of Landsat TM, Landsat MSS, SPOT XS, and AVHRR data augmented with new acquisitions of MODIS, ASTER, Hyperion, and other satellite/airborne data. This year we will use the LNWR as a focus area for satellite data calibration and correction accuracy assessment. The LNWR area includes numerous structures that afford assessment of geometric corrections applied to the satellite data. Additionally, the LNWR region includes several relatively spectrally invariant land surfaces for calibration and testing of atmospheric correction approaches. However, because coverage by these sensor systems is regional and the ultimate use of these data is land surface change monitoring, LNWR-focused research also directly supports most restoration projects south of Lake Okeechobee.
EDEN Grid and Everglades elevation model development
This task provides the ground elevation data QA/QC and advanced digital elevation modeling required by the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) and associated ecological monitoring activities. Task objectives include the development of high quality, region-wide elevation data bases, characterization of LIDAR and surveyor collected elevation data quality, and intelligent modeling of Everglades ground elevations given a variety of input data types and sources.
Three primary activities are envisioned for this task.
1. Development of the EDEN grid with multiple thematic attributes (e.g., elevation, elevation estimation confidence/quality, vegetation composition, etc.). 2. QA/QC and conflation of Airborne Height Finder, ground (professionally) surveyed, and LIDAR data. 3. Development of enhanced digital elevation models for the Greater Everglades Region.
1. High-spatial resolution EDEN elevation model development This task's sole objective is the examination of potential relationships among vegetation cover and microtopography that may be exploited along with remote sensed data to generate a higher-resolution digital elevation model than is currently possible with available topographic data.
2. Construction of well-calibrated, high quality multi-resolution and multi-temporal databases for landscape-scale modeling and targeted CERP-MAP work activities.
Three different calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms will be implemented and rigorously evaluated for their efficiency and effectiveness in producing consistent, regional temporal series of satellite data for Everglades research and monitoring. This evaluation will be completed using the rich, previously assembled data base of Landsat TM, Landsat MSS, SPOT XS, and AVHRR data augmented with new acquisitions of MODIS, ASTER, Hyperion, and other satellite/airborne data. This year we will use the LNWR as a focus area for satellite data calibration and correction accuracy assessment. The LNWR area includes numerous structures that afford assessment of geometric corrections applied to the satellite data. Additionally, the LNWR region includes several relatively spectrally invariant land surfaces for calibration and testing of atmospheric correction approaches.
a) Well-calibrated (converted to physical values with some mitigation of atmospheric effects) b) Multi-scale (temporally: from event based to frequent; spatially: from point-based to regional) c) Multi-spectral (panchromatic, hyperspectral, RADAR, LIDAR, etc.) d) Extensively documented (metadata traces all processing actions).
Project developed calibration, atmospheric correction, and biophysical modeling algorithms will be rigorously evaluated this year using ground-collected surface reflectences, meteorological and biophysical data to quantify and document their efficiency and effectiveness in producing consistent, regional temporal series of satellite data for Everglades research and monitoring
Based on late 2008 interactions with collaborators and stake-holders in South Florida, work this year will increase our capacity for landscape dynamics, ecohydrology, and elevation modeling research through technology transfer (to allow others to take over some aspects of digital elevation model updates) and remote sensing database enhancement. These primary activities will be pursued:
1) EDEN digital elevation model (DEM) enhancement. Agreements are in place to transfer project-developed EDEN digital elevation modeling techniques to University researchers. They will implement revisions to the WCA1 DEM and expand the area of coverage in the BCNP. We will review their work, assemble and release a revised EDEN regional DEM. We will also expand on pilot high-resolution elevation modeling conducted in FY2008.This year we made great progress in areas of publication, database development, and change detection research.
2) Expansion of our moderate resolution database given the free release of the entire Landsat archive. Proper exploitation of the archive requires additional research on image compositing to overcome cloud issues and produce a temporal database for land change monitoring and biophysical remote sensing research.
3) RADAR-database establishment for vegetation study and inundation mapping. The Eastern Geographic Science Center is expanding its capabilities for wetland RADAR remote sensing specifically to meet the needs of CERP. We will acquire unique RADAR data from multiple instruments to assemble a multi-frequency, multi-polarization, and multi-resolution database.
The EDEN domain was broken into a large number of equal-sized rectangles (cells) that in total are referred to as the "grid". Characteristics of this grid, such as location of the centroid, the representative area of the Everglades, elevation, and percentage of vegetation type, define the grid spatial parameters. To match the Airborne Height Finder (AHF) data sampling spacing, the spatial resolution or the dimension (in ground distance) of each grid cell is 400 meters on each side. The ground surface DEM development process is iterative as additional high accuracy elevation data (HAED) are collected, water surfacing algorithms improve, and additional ground-based ancillary data become available. This version was produced by using all available AHF points posted to SOFIA as of August 2007.
To create a realistic region-wide elevation model for EDEN purposes, the elevation data were segregated by Water Conservation Areas and National Park boundaries so that local trends could be isolated, sub-region specific interpolation models could be developed, and realistic breaks in elevation along sub-region boundaries could be imbedded in a final, region-wide DEM.
For the previous release of the DEM, subarea DEMs were produced using the geostatistical approach called "anisotropic ordinary kriging". This version is composed of new models created for each new EDEN subarea in Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1) and for the new coverage in the southern portion of BCNP and the northwest corner of the ENP. For the latest iteration of the EDEN DEM "anisotropic universal kriging" was employed.
As with the previously released DEM, WCA1 surfaces were produced by removing all "upland" AHF points. However, in this version WCA1 "upland" was defined through a reclassification of the South Florida Water Management Vegetation Map rather than the Florida GAP map.
As the most challenging area from an elevation modeling standpoint, for this revision WCA1 was further subdivided into a total of 4 zones. First, boundaries between the North, Central and two South zones are based upon landscape units defined through the CERP Monitoring and Assessment Plan, Part 1 (Figure 3-20). Then the South landscape unit (representing approximately the southern third of WCA1) was further divided into two zones (east and west, termed "Southeast" and"Southwest") based on marked changes in slope and aspect data that were generated from a DEM of the South landscape unit as a whole. Division of WCA1 into 4 zones reduces errors estimated by comparing DEM modeled water depths with those measured by EDEN Principal Investigators in the field. Subdivision of the south landscape unit into east and west zones resulted in lower error estimates for the Southeast zone without significantly affecting (i.e., improving or degrading) the quality of the Southwest zone - an area where DEM modeling is most challenging.
A previously omitted area in the southern portion of the Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) and the northwestern corner of the Everglades National Park (ENP) has been filled.
EDEN DEM for EDENapps
This file is intended specifically for use in the EDEN applications software. Therefore, it is a modification of the EDEN DEM released in January of 2010 (i.e., eden_em_ja10). The January 2010 released data was modified in two ways. First, elevation values have been converted from meters (m) to centimeters (cm). Second, data have been removed from the southern Big Cypress National Preserve and northwestern Everglades National Park area so that this DEM boundary matches the EDEN boundary still in use in EDEN applications software.
This year we will employ the developed moderate resolution satellite image database for flow resistance modeling (re-examination and extension of project research of the 2000-2004 time frame) as well as fire ecology and change detection analysis. Fire ecology work will involve research to improve fire scar delineation, fire severity estimation, and fire recovery mapping using the fire GIS database produced by USGS collaborators in Gainesville and Tampa (Foster and Smith). We will also begin pilot examination of enhanced elevation model development through the merger of multiple remote sensing sources. Finally, we will focus on publishing results from previous EDEN-related elevation modeling research.
The following major tasks will be conducted in the project this year:
1) Vegetation characterization for collaborative flow resistance research and modeling. In FY2010 we began building on project remote sensing and geospatial research regarding vegetation resistance to flow through the establishment of collaborative field research with Harvey and others in WCA3. Modeling begun in FY2010 that linked conventional, destructive vegetation sampling with the non-destructive leaf area index measurement techniques we've developed will be extended to produce spatially distributed estimates of flow resistance from optical satellite data for multiple time periods. At least 2 peer-reviewed publications will be generated, one focused on the field-based flow resistance measurements and the other focused on remote sensing for flow resistance mapping and model parameterization.
2) RADAR for absolute water level mapping. This project will compile, fuse, and analyze selected archival C-band and L-band satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) and altimeter (RA) data to measure and map absolute surface water level changes at high resolution. FY 2011 work will be conducted as a pilot study over Water Conservation Area 3 and the portion of the Everglades National Park (northeastern Shark Valley) just below the Tamiami Trail to build tools and demonstrate their utility. We will use the progress of this pilot to seek additional support to expand our study area and research these other applications.
3) FIRE Ecology Research. We will continue to research the improvement of fire scar delineation, fire severity estimation, and fire recovery mapping using the fire GIS database produced by USGS collaborators in Gainesville/Tampa. However, additional collaborative linkages with the ENP fire team in FY2010 will be exercised to make best use of ENP field-based monitoring data and controlled burn activities. Specifically, we will explore the use of ENP field data to calibrate and evaluate our interpretations of burn recovery from satellite data. Also, we will also explore ways in which remote sensing data may help guide ENP fire prescription and program monitoring.
Person who carried out this activity:
703 648-5543 (voice)
703 648-4165 (FAX)
jwjones@usgs.gov
Telis, Pamela, 2006, The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) for support of ecological and biological assessments: USGS Fact Sheet 2006-3087, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.Online Links:
Jones, John W., 1999, Land Characterization for Hydrologic Modeling in the Everglades: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Ecohydraulics none, International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR), Salt Lake City.Online Links:
Jones, J. W., 2000, In situ and remotely sensed data collection and analysis for periphyton mapping in the Everglades: EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union V. 81, n. 48, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Marshall, Curtis H. Pielke, Sr., Roger A.; Stey, 2003, Crop freezes and land-use change in Florida: Nature v. 426, 29-30 (6 November 2003), Nature Publishing Group (Macmillan Publishers Limited), Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK.Online Links:
- <http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/cropfreezes/>
- <http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v426/n6962/abs/426029a.html>
The full article is available via journal subscription or single article purchase. The abstract may be viewed on the Nature website and on the SOFIA website.
Jones, John W., 2006, Creation of GIS-compatible, historic detailed soil data for Collier and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida: USGS Open-File Report 2006-1315, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Online Links:
Jones, John W. Price, Susan D., 2007, Conceptual design of the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) grid: USGS Open-File Report 2007-1200, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Online Links:
Jones, J. W. Price, S. D., 2007, Initial Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) digital elevation model research and development: USGS Open-File Report 2007-1034, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Online Links:
Anderson, John E. Desmond, Gregory B.; Lemesh, 199703, Reflectance Calibrated Digital Multispectral Video: A Test-Bed for High Spectral and Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing v. 63, n. 3, p224-229, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS), Bethesda. MD.Online Links:
Jones, J. W. Neubauer, J., 2004, Land surface analysis of the Florida Everglades: USGS Fact Sheet 2004-3132, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Online Links:
Jones, John W., 2011, Remote sensing of vegetation pattern and condition to monitor changes in Everglades biogeochemistry: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology v. 41, supp 1, p. 64-91, Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.Online Links:
The full article is available via journal subscription or single article purchase. The abstract may be viewed on the website below.
Xie, Zhixiao Liu, Zhongwei ; Jones, J. W.; H, 2011, Landscape unit based digital elevation model development for the freshwater wetlands within the Arthur C. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Southeastern Florida: Applied Geography v. 31, n. 2, p. 401-412, Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Online Links:
The full article is available via journal subscription or single article purchase. The abstract may be viewed on the website below by selecting the appropriate volume and issue number.
For the vegetation density mapping process, we collect digital multispectal videography (DMSV) over several sites just prior to field collection of vegetation data. The DMSV system captures four-spectral band images with an equivalent ground resolution of .5 meter. These images are georeferenced to the same coordinate system applied in field data collection. Linear regression is used to establish a relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and biomass estimates for vegetation quadrats. This relationship is subsequently used to extrapolate vegetation biomass across space within vegetation types.
For the large areas of inundated wetlands, we are using two approaches to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) data and derive elevation values. In inacessible areas, airboats are used to navigate predefined lines in a grid-like pattern, and the surveyors use a range pole to measure the terrain surface obscured by water and vegetation. For inaccessible areas, the USGS developed the airborne height finder (AHF) system. The AHF uses GPS to position the helicopter and then deploys a calibrated plumb bob to measure the offset distance between the antenna and terrain surface. These data are then processed to yield various elevation data products.
not available
not available
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints: none
- Use_Constraints:
- These data are subject to change and are not citeable until reviewed and approved for official publication.
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Southern Everglades Map I-2742
The data in the report have no implied or explicit guarantees.
printed copy
See <http://ask.usgs.gov/prices/ordering_info.html> for ordering instructions.
| Data format: | Image size is 10 in x 6 in in format JPEG 72 DPI (screen resolution) Size: 0.039 |
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| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | Images sizes available as 10 in x 6 in, 36 in x 25 in, and 65.4 x 44.6 in. The file sizes are 1 MB, 9 MB, and 29 MB respectively in format TIFF 72 DPI (screen resolution) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | Image sizes available are 24 in x 16.7 in, 36 in x 25 in, and 64.5 in x 44.6 in. The file sizes are 18 MB, 41 MB, and 137 MB respectively in format TIFF 150 DPI (for high-quality printing) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | Images size is 22.5 in x 14.3 in in format GeoTIFF 150 DPI Size: 4.7 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
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hhenkel@usgs.gov
Northern Everglades Map I-2756
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
printed copy
Call 1-888-ASK-USGS for current prices and shipping fees or log onto <http://ask.usgs.gov/prices/index.html>
See <http://ask.usgs.gov/prices/ordering_info.html> for ordering instructions.
| Data format: | The image size is 9 in x 7.5 in. in format JPEG 72 DPI (screen resolution) Size: 0.052 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | The image sizes available are 9 in x 7.5 in, 36 in x 29 in, and 53 in x 42 in. The files sizes are 1 MB, 10 MB, and 29 MB respectively. in format TIFF 72 DPI (screen resolution). |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | The image sizes available are 24 in x 19 in, 36 in x 29 in, and 53 in x 42 in. File sizes are 36 MB, 83 MB and 181 MB respectively. in format TIFF 200 DPI (for high quality printing). |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
| Data format: | Image size is 21 in x 15.3 in in format GeoTIFF 72 DPI Size: 4.7 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> |
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hhenkel@usgs.gov
Vegetation Map for SICS Study Area
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | Arc/Info grid (version unknown) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html> |
| Data format: | Both the geotiff and the tfw files are necessary to use this version of the map in format Georeferenced TIFF (geotiff) (version unknown) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Soils Maps for Collier and Miami-Dade Counties
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | There is an export file for Collier County and for Miami-Dade County in format ARCE |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/jjones/jjones.html> |
| Data format: | There is a file for Collier County and for Miami-Dade County in format Arc View shapefile |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/jjones/jjones.html> |
| Data format: | There is a Soils Attributes file for Collier County and for Miami-Dade County in format MS Excel (version 2003) Size: 0.028 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/jjones/jjones.html> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
January 2010 EDEN Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | zipped file of ArcINFO .e00 grid interchange format in format ARCG (version ArcGIS 9.1) .zip Size: 0.25 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/models/groundelevmod.php> |
| Data format: | The files contain pdf versions of the EDEN DEM of January 2010 - one for a quick view and a second for print-quality in format Adobe PDF Size: 0.8 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/models/groundelevmod.php> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
EDEN apps Digital Eleveation Model (DEM)
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | The file contains the netCDF file for the cm version of the January 2010 EDEN DEM in format netCDF (version CF-1.0) Size: 0.168 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/models/groundelevmod-edenapps.php> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
sofia-metadata@usgs.gov
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Comments and suggestions? Contact: Heather
Henkel - Webmaster
Generated by mp version 2.8.18 on Tue May 03 14:59:19 2011
