Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Carol Kendall Bryan E. Bemis; Scott D. Wankel Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Application of Stable Isotope Techniques to Identifying Foodweb Structure, Contaminant Sources, and Biogeochemical Reactions in the Everglades Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/int_geochem_foodweb/ Description: Abstract: This is the largest isotope foodweb study ever attempted in a marsh ecosystem, and combines detailed, long-term, trophic and biogeochemical studies at selected well-monitored USGS/SFWMD/FGFFC sites with limited synoptic foodweb data from over 300 sites sampled during 1996 and 1999 by a collaboration with the EPA-REMAP program. The preliminary synthesis of the biota isotopes at USGS and 1996 REMAP sites provides a mechanism for extrapolating the detailed foodwebs developed at the intensive USGS sites to the entire marsh system sampled by REMAP. Furthermore, this unique study strongly suggests that biota isotopes provide a simple means for monitoring how future ecosystem changes affect the role of periphyton (vs. macrophyte-dominated detritus) in local foodchains, and for predictive models for foodweb structure and MeHg bioaccumulation under different proposed land-management changes. Data are available for the following sites: Cell 4, ENR-OUT, L7, Cell 3, LOX, North Holeyland, E0, F1, U3/Glory Hole, L35B, 2BS, L67, 3A-15, 3A-TH, Lostmans Creek, North Prong Creek, TS-7, and TS-9 for the plants and animals found at each site. Purpose: A first step of the Everglades restoration efforts is "getting the water right". However, the underlying goal is actually to re-establish, as much as possible, the "pre-development" spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystems throughout the Everglades. Stable isotope compositions of dissolved nutrients, biota, and sediments provide critical information about current and historic ecosystem conditions in the Everglades, including temporal and spatial variations in contaminant sources, biogeochemical reactions in the water column and shallow subsurface, and trophic relations. Hence, the scientific focus of this project is to use stable isotope techniques to examine ecosystem responses (especially variations in foodweb base and trophic structure) to temporal and spatial variations in hydroperiod and contaminant loading for the entire freshwater Everglades. The major "long-term" objectives of this project have been to: (1) determine the stable C, N, and S isotopic compositions of Everglades biota, (2) use bulk and compound-specific isotopic ratios to determine relative trophic positions for major organisms, (3) examine the spatial and temporal changes in foodweb structures across the ecosystem, especially with respect to the effect of anthropogenically derived nutrients and contaminants from agricultural land uses on foodwebs, (4) evaluate the effectiveness of isotopic techniques vs. gut content analysis for determining trophic relations in the Everglades, (5) evaluate the role of algae vs. detritus/microbial materials in foodwebs for the entire freshwater marsh part of the Everglades, and (6) work with modelers to correctly incorporate food web and MeHg bioaccumulation information into predictive models. More recent and specific objectives include: (1) link our data on seasonal and temporal differences in foodweb bases and trophic levels with SFWMD, FGFFC, and USGS Hg datasets (first for large fish and, more recently, for lower trophic levels), (2) investigate the effects of seasonal/spatial changes in nutrients, water levels, and reactions on the isotopic compositions at the base of the foodweb (that affect our interpretation of relative trophic positions of organisms), and (3) continue our efforts to link our foodweb isotope data from samples collected at USGS-ACME and EPA-REMAP sites with the spatial environmental patterns observed by the REMAP program. Supplemental_Information: This work started as part of the Aquatic Cycling of Mercury in the Everglades (ACME) project in 1996 and was made a separate project in 2000. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199503 Ending_Date: 199910 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Everglades Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.0202 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.3069 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.6712 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.2475 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: stable isotope techniques Theme_Keyword: hydrology Theme_Keyword: chemistry Theme_Keyword: biogeochemistry Theme_Keyword: foodweb Theme_Keyword: ecosystem Theme_Keyword: contaminants Theme_Keyword: biology Theme_Keyword: ecology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: 002 Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: 012 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: US Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FL Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: Broward County Place_Keyword: Collier County Place_Keyword: Glades County Place_Keyword: Hendry county Place_Keyword: Martin County Place_Keyword: Miami-Dade County Place_Keyword: Okeechobee County Place_Keyword: Palm Beach County Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Central Everglades Place_Keyword: ENR Place_Keyword: Everglades Nutrient Removal area Place_Keyword: STA Place_Keyword: Storm Treatment Areas Place_Keyword: SW Big Cypress Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 1 Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 2 Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 3 Place_Keyword: WCA1 Place_Keyword: WCA2 Place_Keyword: WCA3 Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: ITIS Taxonomic_Keywords: animals Taxonomic_Keywords: plants Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Taxonomic_Keywords: fish Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (ARS) U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey Department of Commerce - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Database Other_Citation_Details: Retrieved from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, http://www.itis.gov. Online_Linkage: http://www.itis.gov Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USDA, NRCS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service) Publication_Date: 2007 Title: The Plants Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Baton Rouge, LA Publisher: National Plant Data Center Online_Linkage: http://plants.usda.gov/ Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Guiry, M. D. Guiry, G. M. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: AlgaeBase Edition: version 4.2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: electronic publication Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Galway, Ireland Publisher: National University of Ireland Online_Linkage: http://www.algaebase.org Taxonomic_Procedures: field identification of plants, invertebrates, and fish Taxonomic_Completeness: Taxonomic classification information could not be found for the following plants and animals listed in the datasets: Amiidae calva, Bellastomatia, Chironomus crassicaudarus, Cladium jamaicense, Classoma, Dytiseidae, Eleocharis, Gyrinid, Lepomis gulosus, Libellulid, Oligocheate, Palaeomenetes paludosus, Phragmites, and Podomogetan General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Plants and animals are identified to genus or species level where the scientific name is given Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Empire Taxon_Rank_Value: Biovitae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Malacostraca Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cambaridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Procambarus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Procambarus alleni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Amphipoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Gammaridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gammarus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Hyalellidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hyalella Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Hyalella azteca Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Insecta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Hemiptera Applicable_Common_Name: true bugs Applicable_Common_Name: hemipterans Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Corixidae Applicable_Common_Name: water boatman Applicable_Common_Name: corises Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Trichoptera Applicable_Common_Name: caddisflies Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Ephemeroptera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Caenidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Caenis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Actinopterygii Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyprinodontiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyprinodontidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Jordanella Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Jordanella floridae Applicable_Common_Name: American flagfish Applicable_Common_Name: flagfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Fundulidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Fundulus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Fundulus chrysotus Applicable_Common_Name: golden topminnow Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Fundulus seminolis Applicable_Common_Name: Seminole killifish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Lucania Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lucania goodei Applicable_Common_Name: blue-fintop minnow Applicable_Common_Name: bluefin killifish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Poeciliidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gambusia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gambusia affinis Applicable_Common_Name: mosquitofish Applicable_Common_Name: western mosquitofish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterandria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterandria formosa Applicable_Common_Name: dwarf livebearer Applicable_Common_Name: least killifish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Poecilia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Poecilia latipinna Applicable_Common_Name: sailfin molly Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Perciformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cichlidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Astronotus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Astronotus ocellatus Applicable_Common_Name: oscar Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Oreochromis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Oreochromis aureus Applicable_Common_Name: tilapia azul Applicable_Common_Name: blue tilapia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Centrarchidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaenobryttus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaenobryttus gulosus Applicable_Common_Name: warmouth Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepomis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepomis macrochirus Applicable_Common_Name: bluegill Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepomis marginatus Applicable_Common_Name: dollar sunfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepomis microlophus Applicable_Common_Name: redear sunfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepomis punctatus Applicable_Common_Name: spotted sunfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Micropterus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Micropterus salmoides Applicable_Common_Name: largemouth bass Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomoxis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomoxis nigromaculatus Applicable_Common_Name: black crappie Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Percidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Etheostoma Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Etheostoma fusiforme Applicable_Common_Name: swamp darter Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguilliformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguillidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguilla Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguilla rostrata Applicable_Common_Name: American eel Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypriniformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Catostomidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Erimyzon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Erimyzon sucetta Applicable_Common_Name: lake chubsucker Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyprinidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Notemigonus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Notemigonus crysoleucas Applicable_Common_Name: golden shiner Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Siluriformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Clariidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Clarias Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Clarias batrachus Applicable_Common_Name: clarias catfish Applicable_Common_Name: walking catfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ictaluridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Ameiurus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ameiurus natalis Applicable_Common_Name: yellow bullhead Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ameiurus nebulosus Applicable_Common_Name: brown bullhead Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Loricariidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hypostomus Applicable_Common_Name: suckermouth catfishes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Esociformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Esocidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Esox Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Esox americanus Applicable_Common_Name: redfin pickerel Applicable_Common_Name: grass pickerel Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Esox niger Applicable_Common_Name: chain pickerel Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Semionotiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Famly Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepisosteidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepisosteus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lepisosteus platyrhincus Applicable_Common_Name: Florida gar Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Charophyta Applicable_Common_Name: stoneworts Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Charophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Charales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Characeae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Chara Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Nitella Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheobionta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliophyta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Liliopsida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Alismatales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Alismataceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Sagittaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Sagittaria latifolia Applicable_Common_Name: broadleaf arrowhead Applicable_Common_Name: wapato Applicable_Common_Name: duck potato Applicable_Common_Name: common arrowhead Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrocharitales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrocharitaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrilla Applicable_Common_Name: hydrilla Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Najadales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Najadaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Najas Applicable_Common_Name: water nymph Applicable_Common_Name: waternymph Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Arecidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Arales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Araceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Arum Applicable_Common_Name: arum Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pistia Applicable_Common_Name: pistia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Commelinidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyperales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyperaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladium Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladium mariscus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subspecies Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladium mariscus ssp. Jamaicense Applicable_Common_Name: Jamaica swamp sawgrass Applicable_Common_Name: jamaica sawgrass Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Eleocharis Applicable_Common_Name: spikerush Applicable_Common_Name: spikesedge Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Poaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Phragmites Applicable_Common_Name: reed Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Typhales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Typhaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Typha Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Typha domingensis Applicable_Common_Name: southern cattail Applicable_Common_Name: southern cat-tail Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Liliidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Liliales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Liliaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hymenocallis Applicable_Common_Name: spiderlily Applicable_Common_Name: hymenocallis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliopsida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Asteridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Scrophulariales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Lentibulariaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Utricularia Applicable_Common_Name: bladderwort Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Scrophulariaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Bacopa Applicable_Common_Name: waterhyssop Applicable_Common_Name: waer hyssop Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Nymphaeales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Nymphaeaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Nymphaea Applicable_Common_Name: waterlily Applicable_Common_Name: water lily Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Apiales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Apiaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrocotyle Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrocotyle bonariensis Applicable_Common_Name: largeleaf pennywort Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Pteridophyta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Filicopsida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydropteridales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Azollaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Azolla Applicable_Common_Name: mosquito ferns Applicable_Common_Name: water ferns Applicable_Common_Name: mosquitofern Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: These data are subject to change and are not citeable until reviewed and approved for official publication. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Carol Kendall Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS 434 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650 329-4576 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650 329-5590 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckendall@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/posters/lessons-evergl/images/sitesmapx.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: locations of USGS sites, USEPA REMAP sites 1996, and USEPA REMAP sites 1999 Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/fs/2004-3138/images/fig1x.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: satellite image of south Florida showing biota collection sites Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Project personnel include Steven R. Silva, Ted Lange, Peter Rawlik, Darren Rumbold, Larry Fink, Robert Shuford, Joel Trexler, Jerry Stober, Doug White, and Doug Choy. Related projects include work by Dave Krabbenhoft, George Aiken, Bill Orem, and Bill Loftus. Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Excel spreadsheets Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Haitzer, M. Aiken, G. R.; Ryan, J. N. Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Binding of Mercury (II) to Dissolved Organic Matter: The Role of the Mercury-to-DOM Concentration Ration Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Science and Technology Issue_Identification: v. 36 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Chemical Society Other_Citation_Details: The entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology Journal web site; however, a journal subscription is required. Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/hg_dom_binding/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kendall, Carol Bemis, Bryan; Wankel, Scott, Silva, Steve; Chang, Cecily; Campbell, Linda Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Lessons from the Everglades: Atypical isotope patterns in a complex ecosystem Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: poster Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/posters/lessons-evergl/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kendall, C. Silva, S. R.; Stober, Q. J.; Meyer, P. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Mapping spatial variability in marsh redox conditions in the Florida Everglades using biomass stable isotopic compositions Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: EOS Transactions Issue_Identification: v. 79 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Geophysical Union Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Rumbold, D. G. Fink, L. E.; Laine, K. A.; Niemczyk, S. L.; Chandrasekhar, T.; Wankel, S. D.; Kendall, C Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Levels of mercury in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected along a transect through the Florida Everglades Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: The Science of the Total Environment Issue_Identification: vol. 297, issues 1-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Science B.V. Other_Citation_Details: Only the abstract is available online; a journal subscription is required to access the full article. To view the abstract, click on the link under Journal Articles at http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/int_geochem_foodweb/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: McCutchan, Jr., James H., Lewis, Jr., William M.; Kendall, Carol; McGrath, Claire C. Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Oikos Issue_Identification: vol. 102, issue 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lund, Sweden Publisher: Nordic Ecological Society Other_Citation_Details: Only the abstract is available free of charge. A journal subscription is required for access to the full article. To view the abstract, click on the link under Journal Articles at http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/int_geochem_foodweb/ Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: not available Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Description: Samples were analyzed for stable isotopic composition (sigma 13C and sigma 15N) using a Micromass Optima continuous flow mass spectrometer coupled to a Carlo Erba elemental analyzer. Samples with carbonate (all algae and sediments) were acidified to remove carbonates. Carbonates were removed from the samples using the acid vapor method, except that the samples were acidified for 18 hours after being moistened with deionized/distilled water. Results are reported in the usual delta format as permil values for: (1) 13C relative to V-PDB, normalized to a scale where NBS-19 is + 1.95 permil and NBS-21 is -28.10 permil, and (2) for 15N relative to air, normalized to a scale where IAEA-N1 is +0.43 permil and IAEA-N2 is +20.41 permil. Analytical precision (1sigma level) was generally in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 permil for both C and N, but for some samples replication was no better than +/- 0.5 permil due to sample heterogeneity. Process_Step: Process_Description: We expect to finish all the needed analyses for the synthesis reports in FY02 (unless we ask the SFWMD for selected STA samples to fill in some gaps in our dataset). Most of the year will be spent on continuing the statistical analyses, plots, and interpretation required for the three major synthesis papers: one on spatial variations in foodwebs across the entire Everglades (linking the ACME and 1999 REMAP datasets), one on spatial patterns in biogeochemical reactions, and the last on temporal variations in biogeochemical reactions and foodweb relations. The goal of these papers is to present a coherent explanation of how biota isotopes provide a simple means for (1) monitoring how future ecosystem changes affect the role of periphyton (vs. macrophyte-dominated detritus) in the foodchain leading to gambusia and its predators, and (2) for developing predictive models for MeHg bioaccumulation under different proposed land-management changes. With our recent success in linking the patterns observed in our ACME foodweb and REMAP 1996 synoptic samples, we can extrapolate the detailed foodwebs developed at ~15 well-studied ACME sites to the ~100 synoptic sites sampled by the REMAP in September 1996. This linkage allows us to determine what environmental variables (thus far, mainly water levels and a complicated reflection of the nature of the local reducing conditions but a lot more statistics are needed to deal with the spatial patterns) correlate with spatial and temporal changes in the dominant base of the foodweb. We will have a completely independent test of the foodweb models we are developing, when we finish analyzing the samples from the spring/fall REMAP 1999 synoptics (we have been careful to not quite finish analyzing the most critical 1999 samples, and to not look at the data, until our synthesis paper is submitted, so that the test is truly rigorous). Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: Other possible activities for FY03-FY05 include: (1) collaborating on a comparison of gut-contents and isotope data for REMAP gambusia samples (with Trexler) and/or largemouth bass (with Lange); (2) working with Thorton on incorporating our REMAP isotope data into his spatial models to determine whether the spatial patterns we both seeare due to spatial changes in foodweb complexity or foodweb base; (3) writing a more comprehensive paper using our isotope data to explain spatial and temporal variations in Hg levels (with Rawlik, Krabbenhoft, and/or Lange); (4) collaborate (with Rawlik and Fink) on a paper on foodweb differences at cells in the ENR and various STA’s where we have analyzed samples collected by the SFWMD; or (5) we will finally report the results of our attempts at using compound-specific C isotopes as a tracer of trophic relations Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Investigation of the effects of temporal and spatial changes in nutrients, water levels, and reactions on the isotopic compositions at the base of the foodweb. This effort has two major elements. The first element is a collaboration with the SFWMD where they will collect water and plant (and some animal) samples from selected sites (among the sites along the nutrient gradient that they are currently studying), for us to analyze for stable isotopes. Our main focus will be to analyze the water for d15N/d18O of nitrate, d15N of ammonium, d13C of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC), d34S of sulfate, and d18O of phosphate (selected samples); biota will be analyzed for d15N/d13C/d34S. These data will allow us to (1) trace the sources of the nutrients in the water column (eg, original, recycled, or mixed-sources of N, S, C, and P), (2) provide information about the nature of the recycling reactions in the water column and floc layer (eg, denitrification vs nitrification of organic N, methane oxidation vs respiration vs exchange with the atmosphere, sulfate reduction), and (3) provide needed empirical data on specifically how changes in water level affect the complex interplay of biogeochemical reactions that result in the isotopic compositions of aquatic plants at the base of local foodwebs. There are virtually no data on the d15N of nitrate or ammonium, or d18O of phosphate, in the Everglades because such samples pose extreme analytical challenges. After several years of work, we finally have usable methods and we are currently analyzing our first few test samples. In particular, this study is now possible because some recently published methods will allow the analysis of d15N/d18O of nitrate on ml-sized samples instead of the L-sized samples required with our earlier methods (making it much more feasible for our collaborators to collect and transport us bimonthly samples from a number of sites); a newly purchased automated device that makes it easy to analyze d13C of DIC; and a successful collaboration with colleagues at Stanford that has resulted in the development of an improved method for d18O of phosphate. If resources permit, we would like to use phosphate d18O to see if we can distinguish between sources of phosphate along the nutrient gradient and into FL Bay. The second element is a collaboration with Bill Orem, Chuck Holmes, and others who have collected and age-dated sediment cores from the freshwater marshes; we are particularly interested in changes in the last 100 years. We want to analyze bulk organic matter for d13C, d15N, and d34S (and perhaps organic phosphate-d18O) to test our models for how the isotopic compositions in plants change over time in response to changes in water levels, nutrient conditions, and biogeochemical reactions (especially ones like sulfate reduction and denitrification, that have been significantly affected by recent anthropogenic activities). These organic matter isotope data will also be extremely useful for refining our understanding of the role of S in the environment. We will compare these core isotope data with our sediment isotope data for the 300+ REMAP 1996/1999 sites where we have samples, to show how one aspect of the methylation potential (as indirectly measured by sulfate reduction) has changed over time and space. These S results should be useful for the development of a sulfur module for Everglades predictive Hg models, and for modeling or land-management attempts to predict the potential for methylation based on easily measured environmental parameters (like those measured by REMAP). If resources permit, we would be interested in looking at temporal changes in d13C/ d15N/d34S at some of the USGS cores recently collected to assess the evolution of tree islands. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Work planned for FY2004 includes: 1. Continued evaluation and publication of data generated in previous collaborations with ACME, EPA, FGFFC, SFWMD, and FIU to include a paper on environmental controls on mercury in large mouth bass, spatial/temporal changes in foodwebs, a first isotope synthesis paper, and possibly a paper on isotope-gut contents. 2. Investigation of temporal and spatial changes in nutruients, water levels, and reactions on the isotopoic compositions at the base of the foodweb We tried several times in 1998 to connect the isotopic compositions in the water column to those of plants, but failed to get reliable d13C of DIC and d15N of nitrate and ammonium because of the high DOC concentrations. Scot Hagerthey (SFWMD) is very interested in collaboration since he feels that our isotope data will provide valuable data on the extent of N recycling along the nutrient gradient in WCA2 (and at other SFWMD sites) that will help them understand processes that affect P concentrations in water. Furthermore, after a lot of hard work in FY03 by Scott Wankel on developing and automating a new nitrate d15N-d18O method, and by Dan Doctor (an NRC postdoc working on C cycling at the Sleepers River Watershed) who got our new automated DIC/DOC- d13C device working, we now have the methods we need to see how temporal and spatial variability in the water column solutes are established, and how they affect the d13C and d15N in plants (and microinvertebrates) at the base of the foodweb. We will also analyze a small number of samples for phosphate-d18O, organic matter d34S, and water d18O/ dD. Hagerthey has a number of sites in WCA2 and elsewhere across the Everglades that he samples monthly, and he will collect us water samples, macrophytes, floc, periphyton, and (we hope) microinvertebrates from some 10-15 sites, several times during the year. We are in the process of developing a similar but smaller collaboration with Paul McCormick for sampling at WCA1. Our nitrate and DIC isotope preparation units are extremely well automated, so these samples will not require much manpower to analyze. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Step: Process_Description: The main goals for FY 2005 are to finish several papers for pubication in peer-reviewed journals and to link our isotope data with the REMAP model. Accidental data management errors are being corrected before papers are submitted for publication. In addition four focused pilot studies designed to answer some questions raised by the earlier studies and to further our ablility to use isotopes to assess ecosystem changes were begun: 1. a study tracing the intrusion of canal water into interior refuge areas in WCA1, 2. a related study on the effect of nutrients on algal mats and other plants in WCA1, 3. a study on the effect on N recycling on P levels and biota isotopes along the nutrient gradient in WCA2A, 4. A study to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies in STAs in food web structure and MeHg bioaccumulation Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Carol Kendall Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS 434 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650 329-4576 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650 329-5590 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckendall@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Everglades Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 18 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Each data collection site has the following information: date (month-year), critter, common name, scientific name, sigma 15N mean, sigma 15N S(tandard) D(eviation), sigma 15N n, sigma 13C mean, sigma 13C SD, sigma 13C n, C:N mean, C:N SD, and C:N n Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS personnel Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Everglades Isotope Data Distribution_Liability: The data have no implied or explicit guarantees Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: MS Excel Format_Information_Content: Each file contains the data for a specific site Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/kendall_isotope/kendallisotope.html Access_Instructions: Data may be downloaded from the SOFIA website Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20070917 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 Fourth Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Part 1: Biological Data Profile Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999