Gene Shinn (retired) Chris Reich; Robert Halley; Ron Reese 2005 spreadsheets http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/grndwtr_seepage/ This project installed seepage meters to measure the volume of groundwater seepage into the overlying marine environment. The water will be analyzed for major nutrient levels. The data from this project include the site and values of seepage flux. The Florida Keys contain 25,000 septic tank systems, approximately 5000 cesspools, and 1000 class 5 injection wells. Depth of injection wells ranges from 10 to 30 meters. Excessive algal growth, coral diseases, and both marine grass and sponge lortality is perceived to be caused by sewage nutrients leaking from roundwater on both sides of the Florida Keys. Determining the volume and composition of groundwaters seeping into the marine environment from teh sea floor is vital to management decisions on the area. The objective of this study was to determine the volume and composition of groundwaters seeping upward through the rock water interface into Florida Bay and the coral reef tract. Submarine groundwater input into Florida Bay has been ignored by modelers and results show current models are likely to be erroneous. An additional major product will be an improved seepage meter design. 19950717 19960820 ground condition Complete None planned -80.9 -80.3 25.2 24.8 none chemistry hydrology sewage seepage nutrients ISO 19115 Topic Category environment inlandWaters 007 012 Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology United States US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST Florida FL Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Monroe County USGS Geographic Names Information System Florida Bay Key Largo Sunset Cove Nest Key Buttonwood Sound Mowry Canal Sand Key Pickles Reef Long Key Pass Key none Florida Keys Port Largo Canal none none Chris Reich U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3032 727 803-2032 creich@usgs.gov http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/posters/hydro_flkeys/clflasatx.jpg satellite image of southern Florida showing study site location JPEG MS Excel Shinn, E. A. Reese, R. S.; Reich, C. D. 1994 report USGS Open-File Report 94-276 Florida U. S. Geological Survey http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/94-276 Reich, C. D. 1996 report Journal of Sedimentary Rresearch v. 66 n. 5 Tulsa, OK S E P M Society for Sedimentary Research Journal of Sedimentary Research table of contents and abstracts are open access. Full text articles are available to non-member subscribers or pay-per-view at two websites accessed from the JSR website (http://www.sepm.org/jsr/jsr_home.html) Halley, R. B. Vacher, H. L.; Shinn, E. A. 1997 book chapter Developments in Sedimentology Geology and hydrogeology of carbonate islands Doorwerth, The Netherlands Elsevier Science B. V. This chapter was originally published in Geology and Hydrology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology 54, edited by H. L. Vacher and T. Quinn http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/keys_geohydro/ Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Brown, J.; Shinn, E. A.; Miller, S.; Farrah, S. R. 1995 report Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6 Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology The full article may be downloaded from the AEM website http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/61/6/2230 Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Jiang, S.; Kellogg, C.; Shinn, E. A. 1995 report Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6 Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology The full article may be downloaded from the AEM website http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/61/6/2235 Shinn, Eugene A. Reich, Christopher D.; Hickey, T. Donald 2002 report Estuaries v. 25, n. 1 Port Republic, MD Estuarine Research Federation http://estuariesandcoasts.org/journal/ESTU2002/ESTU2002_25_1_126_132.pdf Reich, C. D. Shinn, E. A.; Hickey, T. D.; Tihansky, A. B. 2001 book chapter Boca Raton, FL CRC Press in The Everglades, Florida Bay and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Source-book Porter, J. W. And Porter, K. G., eds The same tests were performed for each data collection site Data collected from all the sites were used in the calculations of ground seepage Benchmarks were installed onshore on both sides of Key Largo and position and elevation determined using GPS_Military P-code enabled. Two wells at each cluster were later leveled in using the benchmarks as a reference point. For the seepage meter experiment in south Florida (Florida Bay, Florida Keys) a new design of seepage meters was developed. A fiberglass mold (approx. 70 cm x 70 cm) was constructed from an off-the-shelf household skylight. Approximately 60 seepage meter domes were constructed and installed at various locations throughout the study region. Because the study region's underlying Pleistocene limestone is very heterogeneous, several domes were installed in certain locations to combat hydrologic variations which control flow in and out of the subsurface. The fiberglass seepage meter provided a rigid frame which was them mounted to the bare rock seafloor throughout Florida Bay and along the Keys. Portland cement was mixed and used to seal the edges of the fiberglass domes. A hole was previously cut in the dome top to be used for connecting a plastic bag. The preferred bag was a turkey basting bag because of its construction material. After the domes were in place and the cement had cured, basting bags were placed on the domes. The bags were left on the dome for a 24 hour period (one tidal cycle) and subsequently removed. The volume on the bag was measured with a calibrated graduated cylinder. Knowing the volume over the 24 hour period and the area of the seepage meter, a flux (L/m2/d) could be calculated. These measurements were recorded and placed in spreadsheets to determine variations by location and other environmental factors (i. e., rain, tide, wave). 1997 Chris Reich U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3032 727 803-2032 creich@usgs.gov Florida Bay, Florida Keys Point Point 33 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees WGS84 WGS84 6378137 298.257223563 Information provided in the spreadsheets includes: site_name, data_provided, station_id, station_name, station_type, latitude, longitude, horz_datum_code, horz_collect_method_code, class (water quality, hydrologic stations or both), field_msr_id, medium, result_value, result_unit, field_msr_equipment_type, and field_msr_equipment_name USGS personnel Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Groundwater Seepage No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data MS Excel unknown contains information and data collected during the seepage meter experiments along the Florida Keys on both the Florida Bay and Atlantic Ocean sides 0.088 http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/ Data may be downloaded from the SOFIA website none 20080317 Heather Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998