Gene Shinn (retired) Chris Reich; Don Hickey; Ann Tihansky 2005 spreadsheets http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/ The dataset contains information and data collected during the seepage meter (groundwater seepage) experiments along the Florida Keys on both the Florida Bay and Atlantic Ocean sides. Treated sewage is injected into the limestone under the Florida Keys via on-site disposal systems (OSDs). There are 25,000 septic tank systems, approximately 5,000 cesspools, and approximately 1000 class 5 injection wells. Depths of injection wells ranges from 10 to 30 meters. Excessive algal growth, coral diseases and both marine grass and sponge mortality is perceived by the local population, NOAA, and EPA to be caused by sewage nutrients leaking from groundwater on both sides of the Florida Keys. Determining the rate and direction of saline groundwater movement beneath the Key, and the Florida Bay was considered critical to understanding the fate and effects of subsurface waste water disposal n the Florida Keys. The objective of this research was to determine the rate, direction of flow, and contamination levels of saline groundwater in the Florida Keys and Florida Bay. Contamination studies are necessary to determine if nutrient and other contaminant levels are rising and to provide a baseline of data for future decision making. 19950707 19960820 ground condition Complete None planned -80.9 -80.2 25.7 24.8 none chemistry hydrology seepage sewage groundwater surface water ISO 19115 Topic Category environment inlandWaters oceans 007 012 014 Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology United States US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST Florida FL Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Monroe County USGS Geographic Names Information System Florida Bay Key Largo Sunset Cove Nest Key Buttonwood Sound Mowry Canal Sand Key Pickles Reef Long Key Pass Key none Florida Keys Port Largo Canal none none Chris Reich U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3032 727 803-2032 creich@usgs.gov http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/posters/hydro_flkeys/clflasatx.jpg satellite image of southern Florida showing study site JPEG MS Excel Shinn, E. A. Reese, R. S.; Reich, C. D. 1994 report USGS Open-File Report 94-276 Florida U. S. Geological Survey http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/94-276 Reich, C. D. 1996 report Journal of Sedimentary Rresearch v. 66 n. 5 Tulsa, OK S E P M Society for Sedimentary Research Journal of Sedimentary Research table of contents and abstracts are open access. Full text articles are available to non-member subscribers or pay-per-view at two websites accessed from the JSR website (http://www.sepm.org/jsr/jsr_home.html) Halley, R. B. Vacher, H. L.; Shinn, E. A. 1997 book chapter Developments in Sedimentology Geology and hydrogeology of carbonate islands Doorwerth, The Netherlands Elsevier Science B. V. This chapter was originally published in Geology and Hydrology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology 54, edited by H. L. Vacher and T. Quinn http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/keys_geohydro/ Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Brown, J.; Shinn, E. A.; Miller, S.; Farrah, S. R. 1995 report Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6 Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology The full article may be downloaded from the AEM website http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/61/6/2230 Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Jiang, S.; Kellogg, C.; Shinn, E. A. 1995 report Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6 Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology The full article may be downloaded from the AEM website http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/61/6/2235 The same tests were made at all seepage domes Data from all 50 seepage domes were used to calculate the flux Benchmarks were installed onshore on both sides of Key Largo and position and elevation determined using GPS_Military P-code enabled. Two wells at each cluster were later leveled in using the benchmarks as a reference point. Seepage Meter Construction For the seepage meter experiment in south Florida (Florida Bay, Florida Keys) a new design of seepage meters was developed. A fiberglass mold (~70cm x 70cm) was constructed from an off-the-shelf household skylight. Approximately 60 seepage domes were constructed and installed at various locations throughout the study region. Because the study regions underlying Pleistocene limestone is very heterogeneous several domes were installed in certain locations to combat hydrogeologic variations which control flow in and out of the subsurface. The fiberglass seepage meter provided a rigid frame which was then mounted to the bare rock seafloor throughout Florida Bay and along the Keys. Portland cement was mixed and used to seal the edges of the fiberglass domes. A hole was previously cut in the dome top to be used for connecting a plastic bag: the preferred bag was a turkey basting bag because of its construction material. Seepage Meter Flux Measurements: After domes were in place and the cement had cured, basting bags were placed on domes. These bags were left on the dome for a 24hr period and subsequently removed and the volume in the bag measured with a calibrated graduated cylinder. Knowing the volume over the 24 hour period and the area of the seepage meter a flux (L/m2/d) could be calculated. These measurements were recorded and placed in spreadsheets to determine variations by location and other environmental factors (i.e., rain, tide, and wave). 1996 Chris Reich U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3032 727 803-2032 creich@usgs.gov Florida Bay, Florida Keys and Reef Tract Point Point 50 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees WGS84 WGS84 6378137 298.257223563 The data contain the following: site name, data provider, station id, station name, station type, latitude and longitude in decimal degrees, horizontal datum code, horizontal collection method code, class (water quality or hydrologic stations or both), field measurement identifier (MM/DD/YYYY/HH:MM:SS/station_id), medium (in which the measureent was taken), result value, result unit, filee measurement equipment type, and field measurement equipment name USGS Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Groundwater Seepage No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data MS Excel unknown contains information and data collected during the seepage meter experiments along the Florida Keys on both the Florida Bay and Atlantic Ocean sides 0.088 http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/ Data may be downloaded from the SOFIA website none 20080111 Heather Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998