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Northern Everglades Satellite Image Map

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Frequently-anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Northern Everglades Satellite Image Map
Abstract:
The map is a composite image of spectral bands 3 (630-690 nanometers, red), 4 (775-900 nanometers,near-infrared), and 5 (1,550-1750 nanometers, middle-infrared) and the new panchromatic band (520-900, green to near-infrared) acquired by the Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor on February 05, 2000.
Supplemental_Information:
The TIFF versions of the map are zipped due to the large size of the files. There are two different scanning resolutions for the map - 72 DPI (screen resolution) and 200 DPI (for high-quality printing).
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Jones, John Thomas, Jean-Claude (ret.), Des, 2001, Northern Everglades Satellite Image Map: Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-2756, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.13
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.02
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.72
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.92

  3. What does it look like?

    <http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html> (JPEG)
    satellite image map of the Northern Everglades

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: 05-Feb-2000
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Northern Everglades
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions, type Pixel

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 17
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000
      False_Northing: 0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using Row and Column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 7.5
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 7.5
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    Other USGS contributors include: Kelly Feistner, Janet Halverson, Lori Yunag, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD and Greg Matheson, David Dee, George Delinski, and Alden Warren, Mapping Applications Center, Reston, VA

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    John Jones
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Project chief
    521 National Center
    Reston, VA 20192
    USA

    703 648-5543 (voice)
    703 648-4165 (FAX)
    jwjones@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The objective of the project was to develop and apply innovative remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to map the distribution of vegetation, vegetation characteristics, and related hydrologic variables through space and time. The mapping and description of vegetation characteristics and their variations are necessary to accurately simulate surface hydrology and other surface processes in South Florida and to monitor land surface changes. As part of this research, data from many airborne and satellite imaging systems have been georeferenced and processed to facilitate data fusion and analysis. This image map was created using image fusion techniques developed as part of this project.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    The satellite images (Path 15, Row 42) were recorded February 05, 2000, by the enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor on the Landsat 7 satellite which records 7 multispectral bands and one panchromatic channel. This image map includes spectral bands 3 (630-690 nanometers, red), 4 (775-900 nanometers, near-infrared), and 5 (1,550-1,750 nanometers, middle-infrared) and the new panchromatic band (520-900 nanometers, green to near-infrared). The spatial resolution of the input data is 30 m by 30 m for the multispectral bands and 15 m by 15 m for the panchromatic band. The imagery was geocorrected using ground control points identified on the USGS digital orthophoto quadrangles and on the panchromatic data. The panchromatic data were resampled to 7.5 m by 7.5 m resolution and enhanced by filtering (101 by 101 filter with 75-percent add-back) and tone stretching. Then, the spatial information in the panchromatic data was combined with the color information of the multispectral data through a wavelet transform-based image fusion technique (Lemeshewsky, 1999). This data fusion process attempts to preserve the spectral fidelity while sharpening the spatial resolution. The tones output from this process were further enhanced through histogram evaluation and contrast stretching. Panchromatic enhanced multispectral bands 5, 4, and 3 are shown in red, green and blue respectively on the image map. This process allows the image map to meet National Map Accuracy Standards for 1:100,000-scale maps.

    The combination of a number of surface characteristics, such as vegetation type, vegetation density, soil water depth, and periphyton (algae and bacteria) dictates the amount and composition of light reflected to the satellite sensor and, therefore, the brightness, texture, and color shown in the image. Image subsets illustrate some of the common surface cover types using additions to floral assemblages suggested by Sunderson (1994). Where appropriate, water conditions at the time of imaging and soil type based on the county soil surveys are also noted.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    John Jones
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Project chief
    521 National Center
    Reston, VA 20192
    USA

    703 648-5543 (voice)
    703 648-4165 (FAX)
    jwjones@usgs.gov

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

    Gallatin, M. H. Ballard, J. K., Evans, C. B, 1958, Soil Survey (Detailed-Reconnaissance) of Dade County Florida: Soil Survey - Detailed Reconnaissance Series 1947, No. 4, USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.

    Gunderson, L. H., 1994, Vegetation of the Everglades: Determinants of community composition: St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    in The Everglades: The Ecosystem and Its Restoration, edited by S. M. Davis and J. C. Ogden
    Leighty, R.G Marco, M. B., Swenson, G. A., C, 1954, Soil Survey (Detailed-Reconnaissance) of Collier County, Florida: Soil Survey - Detailed Reconnaissance Series 1942, No. 5, USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.

    Lemeshewsky, G. L., 1999, Multispectral multisensor image fusion using wavelet transforms: SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    in Visual Information Processing, SPIE 3716, S. Park and R. Juday, eds.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    The image map meets National Map Accuracy Standards for 1:100, 000 scale.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    not applicable

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
None, however acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated for products derived from these data.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    Heather S.Henkel
    U.S. Geological Survey
    600 Fourth St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL 33701
    USA

    727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
    727 803-2030 (FAX)
    hhenkel@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Northern Everglades Satellite Image Map I-2756

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    The data in the report have no implied or explicit guarantees.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 30-Jan-2007
Metadata author:
Heather Henkel
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
USA

727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
sofia-metadata@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <http://sofia.usgs.gov/metadata/sflwww/N_EvergladesSatMap.faq.html>

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology
Comments and suggestions? Contact: Heather Henkel - Webmaster
Generated by mp version 2.8.18 on Tue Jan 30 16:44:57 2007