George Aiken Dave Krabbenhoft, Orem, Bill 2005 text files http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/merc_carbon This project is designed to more clearly define the factors that control the occurrence, nature, and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades, especially with regard to the biological transformation and accumulation of mercury (Hg). The primary objectives of our research are (1) to more clearly define the factors that control the occurrence, nature and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades, and (2) to quantify the effects of DOM on the transport and reactivity of Hg, especially with regard to the biological transformation and accumulation of mercury (Hg) in the Everglades. To meet these objectives, we have adopted a combined field/ laboratory approach. In conjunction with other research projects our field efforts are designed (1) to characterize DOM at a variety of field locations chosen to provide information about the influences of hydrology, seasonal factors (wetting and drying events) and source materials (e.g. vegetation, periphyton, peat) on the nature and amount of DOM in the system, and (2) to elucidate the roles of DOM in controlling the reactivity and bioavailability of Hg in the Everglades. This research is relevant because of the high natural production of organic carbon in the peat soils and wetlands, the relatively high carbon content of shallow ground water systems in the region, the interactions of organic matter with other chemical species, such as trace metals, divalent cations, mercury, and anthropogenic compounds, the accumulation of organic carbon in corals and carbonate precipitates, and the potential changes in the quality and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) resulting from land use and water management practices. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the current transport of organic matter from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In addition, the presence of dissolved organic matter is important in the production of drinking water, contributes to pollutant transport, and will influence ASR performance. Finally, interactions of mercury (Hg) with organic matter play important roles in controlling the reactivity, bioavailability and transport of Hg in the Everglades. This project is part of the Integrated Biogeochemical Studies in the Everglades. 199503 2006 ground condition In Work As needed -80.891142 -80.102985 26.78571 25.597272 none mercury dissolved organic carbon DOC dissolved organic matter DOM hydrology chemistry biochemistry biogeochemistry mercury contamination ISO 19115 Topic Category environment inlandWaters 007 012 Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology United States US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C., NIST Florida FL Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Broward County Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County none Central Everglades WCA2 WCA3 Water Conservation Area 2 Water Conservation Area 3 none None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated for products derived from these data. George Aiken U.S. Geological Survey Project chief mailing address

3215 Marine Street, Suite E-127

Boulder CO 80303 303 541-3036 303 447-2505 graiken@usgs.gov http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/aiken/locationwq.html Everglades Water Quality Data Location Map JPEG http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/aiken/locationchem.html Everglades Water Chemistry Data Location Map JPEG FY 2003 - 2004 project personnel include Jarrod Gasper and Kenna Butler. Previous project personnel include Michael Reddy, Paul Schuster, James Weishaar, Jason Tregellas, and Janece Koleis. Haitzer, M. Aiken, G. R., Ryan, J. N. 2002 paper Environmental Science and Technology v. 36 Washington, DC American Chemical Society The entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology Journal web site; however, a journal subscription is required. http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/hg_dom_binding/ Benoit, J. M. Mason, R. P., Gilmour, C. C., Aiken, G. A. 2001 paper Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta v. 65 no. 24 Oxford, United Kingdom Geochemical Society (Elsevier Science, Ltd.) http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/k_hgbinding Ravichandran, M Aiken, G. R., Ryan, J. N., Reddy, M. M. 1998 paper Environmental Science and Technology v. 32 Washington, DC American Chemical Society Entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology website at http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/index.html. Journal membership is required for download. http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/dislncinnabar Reddy, M. M. Aiken, G. R. 2001 paper Water, Air and Soil Pollution v. 132 Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/fulvicacid Drexel, R. Todd Haitzer, Markus, Ryan, Joseph N., Aiken, George R., Nagy, Kathlyn L. 2002 paper Environmental Science and Technology v. 36 no.19 Washington, DC American Chemical Society Entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology website at http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/index.html. Journal membership is required for download. Reddy, Michael M. Aiken, George R., Schuster, Paul F., Gunthers, Charmaine 1995 paper Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation the South Florida Water Management Districyt and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/merc_carbon Bates, A. L. Orem, W. H., Harvey, J.. W., Spiker, E. C. 2001 report USGS Open-File Report OFR 01-007 Tallahassee, FL U.S. Geological Survey http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/01-007/ Orem, William H. Lerch, Harry E., Rawlik, Peter 1997 report USGS Open-File Report OFR 97-454 St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/97-454 Bates, Anne L Orem, William H., Harvey. Judson W., Spiker, Elliot C. 2002 report Journal of Environmental Quality v. 31 no. 1 Madison, WI American Society of Agronomy The journal is published jointly by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/trace_sulfur/ Hoch, A. R. Reddy, M. M., Aiken, G. R. 2000 report Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 64 New York, NY Elsevier Science Ltd. Please contact George Aiken at graiken@usgs.gov for a copy of this paper. Krabbenhoft, D. P. Hurley, J. P., Aiken, G. R., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Orem, W. H., Harris, R. 2000 report Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. v. 27 Stuttgart, Germany E. Scheizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Please contact George Aiken at graiken@usgs.gov for a copy of this paper. Ravichandran, M. Aiken, G. R., Ryan, J. N., Reddy, M. M. 1999 report Environmental Science and Technology v. 33, n. 9 Washington, DC American Chemical Society Entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology website at http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/index.html. Journal membership is required for download. http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/inhibitnagg Haitzer, Markus Aiken, George R., Ryan, Joseph N. 2003 report Environmental Science and Technology v. 37, n. 11 Washington, DC Americal Chemical Society Entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology website at http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/index.html. Journal membership is required for download. http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/bind_hg_humic Bock, W. D. 1971 book Memoir 1 Miami, FL Miami Geological Society Poag, C. W. 1981 book Stroudsburg, PA Hutchinson and Ross Wardlaw, Bruce, editor 2001 report Bulletins of American Paleontology 361 Ithica, NY Paleontological Research Institution not applicable not available During Phase 1, we studied the distribution and nature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the northern Everglades. In this work we noted the importance of source materials (peat versus vegetation and periphyton), and the importance of hydrologic factors on the quality and amount of DOM in a given location. Differences in the DOM were clearly apparent in regions e exhibiting different behavior with regard to the generation of methylmercury. We also studied the reactivity of Everglades DOM with mercury through cinnabar (HgS) dissolution and formation experiments, and an ion-exchange technique designed to yield information on Hg-DOM binding constants. 1999 Progress was made in FY 2000 in both the field and laboratory experiments. In the field, mesocosms were deployed at select locations to be used in experiments designed to test hypotheses concerning Hg speciation and reactivity. Preliminary experiments were carried out in conjunction with other team members. As part of this effort, we collected water from the F1 site (80.37 W, 26.36 N) and isolated a large amount of organic matter for future mesocosm experiments and to provide organic matter for ongoing lab experiments assessing the interactions of Hg with DOM that may control bioavailability. We continued ongoing lab studies to better define interactions of Hg with Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM). These included: 1. Binding studies (Hg-DOM). Ion-exchange studies designed to measure the strength of interactions between Hg and DOC were continued, and, new techniques to assess factors controlling reactivity of DOM with Hg and the strength of binding interactions were investigated. This work is important for accurate modeling of these interactions. 2. Study of the interactions of the DOM with HgS. Experiments were designed to provide insight into ability of DOM to stabilize colloidal HgS. This is a potentially significant process effecting the bioavailability of Hg. 3. The study of the "partitioning" of Hg between dissolved and particulate phases was completed. Field based partitioning coefficients, necessary for accurately modeling Hg behavior in the Everglades, were corroborated. 2000 The planned work in FY 2001 included: 1. Continue work using field based mesocosms to address issues concerning partitioning and reactivity of Hg in the Everglades with regard to the roles played by DOM in the system. We plan to continue overall project support with regard to DOM analyses and isolate availability for experimentation. 2. Laboratory development of abiotic methods for assessing bioavailability of Hg will be completed, and we anticipate using these techniques in the field. 3. Lab based studies on DOM-Hg binding constants will likely be completed in FY 2002. This includes studies with cinnabar and ion exchange and dialysis techniques for estimating binding constants with Hg. Concerning the latter techniques, we plan to employ these methods to assess interactions between CH3Hg+and OM in the system. These interactions could prove to be important controls on bioavailability of CH3Hg+ in the system. 4. In lab based studies to be carried out in conjunction with Bill Orem, we plan to investigate the interactions of OM and inorganic S in the Everglades. This work will attempt to investigate the role of sulfate anion interactions with both DOM and particulate organic matter (POM). The organic-S in the DOM and the peat are of interest both in regard to binding of Hg and as a potential source of sulfate during oxidation and remineralization of organic matter. We have strong evidence from Phase 1 studies that remineralization can provide significant contributions of sulfate to the porewaters. 2001 Work planned for FY 2003 and FY 2004 includes: Interactions of DOM with Hg in the Everglades 1. Continue lab-based studies on DOM-Hg binding constants. We have recently completed development of dialysis technique for measuring binding constants. This method is the only reliable method we have found for measuring binding constants. Development was carried out using hydrophobic sample from F1 field site. The method now needs to be used with other fractions of the DOM from F1 and other locations in the Everglades and the method should be extended for measuring DOM-MeHg binding constants. 2. Continue lab-based studies on the interactions of DOM with HgS. HgS is assumed to be an important species controlling Hg bioreactivity. Greater definition of DOM-HgS interactions is critical for understanding factors that control methylation of Hg. We previously demonstrated the strong influence of DOM on the chemistry of HgS complexes, although the processes are poorly defined. Efforts in FY 03 and FY 04 will provide data to better understand these processes and assess the role they play in controlling Hg bioavailability. Effects of DOM on Hg cycling in the Florida Everglades 1. Continue work using field based mesocosms to address issues concerning partitioning and reactivity Hg in the Everglades with regard to the roles played by DOM in the system. Mesocosm experiments have been very successful demonstrating the influence of DOM on methylation and bioaccumulation of Hg. In this work organic matter isolated from areas with reactive DOM is added to mesocosms, in addition to other constituents (sulfate, Hg) to assess impacts on Hg partitioning, methylation and bioaccumulation. 2. Continue work assessing the roles of drying and wetting of peat soils on the generation of DOM and MeHg. Research is both lab and field based. DOM concentrations and changes in the reactivity of the DOM are determined as a function of wetting and drying, a common natural condition and one of great importance in managed wetlands, such as the Storm Treatment Areas (STA). DOM characterization methods established by USGS labs are used. 3. Begin study of DOM in Lake Okeechobee and Kissimmee River. This work is important for future efforts involving ASR. DOM sampling and characterization methods have been established by USGS labs. 4. Begin study of DOM in new Storm Treatment Areas ( STA’s). The STAs are critical for restoration efforts. DOM characterization methods established by USGS labs will be used. 5. Continue assessment of water quality changes in Everglades by participation in ACME Site Survey work. This is done in conjunction with Krabenhoft and Orem. This project is responsible for DOM measurements and characterization throughout the Everglades. Not complete George Aiken U.S. Geological Survey Project chief mailing address

3215 Marine Street, Suite E-127

Boulder CO 80303 303 541-3036 303 447-2505 graiken@usgs.gov Everglades Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Everglades water chemistry - cations and anions The data have no explicit or implied guarantees. text - comma separated values http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchanget/graiken/table5c.csv Log onto the SOFIA website at http://sofia.usgs.gov none Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Everglades DOC data The data have no explicit or implied guarantees. ASCII 1985 ASCII file of the complete lists of Global Positioning System points reformatted for input into an ARC/INFO point cover http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchanget/graiken/table5d.csv Log onto the SOFIA web site at http://sofia.usgs.gov none Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Everglades water quality - field parameters The data have no explicit or implied guarantees. ASCII 1985 The file contains a comma-delimited complete list of Global Positioning System (GPS) points http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchanget/graiken/table5b.csv Log onto the SOFIA website at http://sofia.usgs.gov none Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Everglades water quality - site & sample information The data have no explicit or implied guarantees. text - comma separated values http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchanget/graiken/table5a.csv Log onto the SOFIA website at http://sofia.usgs.gov none Heather S.Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 hhenkel@usgs.gov Surface Water DOC, Pore Water DOC, and Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) data The data have no guarantees explicit or implied Excel unknown http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/aiken/aikenchem.html Data can be downloaded from the SOFIA website none 20070126 Heather Henkel U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 ext 3028 727 803-2030 sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998