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A retrospective and critical review of aquifer and storage (ASR) sites and conceptual framework of the Upper Floridian aquifer in south Florida

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
A retrospective and critical review of aquifer and storage (ASR) sites and conceptual framework of the Upper Floridian aquifer in south Florida
Abstract:
The objectives of this study are to: (1) inventory and assess the strengths and weaknesses of available hydrogeologic, hydraulic, hydrochemical, well construction, and cycle test information at existing ASR sites, (2) conduct a critical review of the hydrogeology on a site-by-site basis and relate to existing regional hydrogeology frameworks, allowing for the delineation of hydrogeologic factors that may be important to recovery efficiency, (3) identify hydrogeologic, design, and management factors which locally or regionally constrain the efficient storage and recovery of fresh water within the Upper Floridan aquifer, and (4) conduct a comparative analysis of the performance of all ASR sites having adequate data.

This five-year study is divided into two phases, the first of which was two years long. The first phase laid the groundwork for data inventory, review, and analysis, and the second phase will allow for collection of additional data as it becomes available, expand the hydrogeologic framework, and perform a more complete comparative analysis of ASR sites. The study is in the second phase.

  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Reese, Ronald S. , 2002, A retrospective and critical review of aquifer and storage (ASR) sites and conceptual framework of the Upper Floridian aquifer in south Florida.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.55795
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.844074
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.586416
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.441918

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 01-Oct-1999
    Ending_Date: 30-Sep-2004
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Upper Floridian aquifer

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    Project personnel include Michelle Edwards, Michael Zygnerski, Mike Deacon, and Kim Swidarsky.

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Ronald Reese
    U.S. Geological Survey
    3110 SW 9th Avenue
    Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315
    USA

    954 377-5921 (voice)
    rsreese@usgs.gov


Why was the data set created?

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) has been described as 'the storage of water in a suitable aquifer through a well during times when water is available, and recovery of the water from the same well during times when it is needed'. Water can be stored in aquifers with poor water quality. ASR in south Florida is proposed in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) as a cost-effective water-supply alternative that can help meet needs of agricultural, municipal, and recreational users while providing the water critical for Everglades ecosystem restoration. In CERP, plans have been made to utilize ASR in the Floridan aquifer system on an unprecedented scale.

Precedence for ASR in southern Florida has been set with wells having been constructed at over 30 sites, mostly by local municipalities or counties in coastal areas. The Upper Floridan aquifer, the aquifer used at most of these sites, is brackish to saline in south Florida, which can have a large impact on the recovery of the fresh or potable water recharged and stored. Few regional investigations of the Floridan aquifer system hydrogeology in south Florida have been conducted, and the focus of those studies was not on ASR. Lacking a regional ASR framework to aid the decision-making process, ASR well sites in south Florida have been primarily located based on factors such as land availability, source-water quality, and source-water proximity (preexisting surface-water bodies, surficial aquifer system well fields, or water treatment plants). Little effort has been made to link information collected from each site as part of a regional hydrogeologic analysis.

Results of this study should help the managers of the CERP program in locating, designing, constructing, and cycle testing ASR wells. These results should help establish a standard cycle testing protocol that can be used to measure the performance of individual CERP wells or clusters of wells.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 2000 (process 1 of 5)
    An inventory of all ASR sites in southern Florida was made, including their target interval formation, type of source water being used, and current status.

    An inventory of data available at all ASR sites, including site identification, location, construction data, geophysical log data, aquifer test data, core data, and water-quality data, is nearly complete.

    Several GIS map illustrations have been completed. One shows where ASR wells and facilities have been constructed or are planned in South Florida. Others show key parameters for the purpose of comparison of ASR facilities, such as the thickness and diameter of the constructed open borehole.

    Collection and compilation of cycle testing data from published reports, consulting reports, and monthly operationing reports was begun. Recovery efficiencies for most of the sites have been determined; however, at many of the sites only 2 or 3 cycles have been conducted and the recovery efficiency determined thus far could be unreliable.

    Hydrogeologic tops in the Floridan aquifer system from three reports by Reese and others on the aquifer system were collated into one table for the purpose of constructing maps covering most of southern Florida.

    Some ASR sites having performance problems or potential for problems have been identified. Knowledge of the factors contributing to these problems can assist municipalites and regulators in determining optimal site selection or contruction methods or both for future ASR sites.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Ronald Reese
    U.S. Geological Survey
    3110 SW 9th Avenue
    Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315
    USA

    954 377-5921 (voice)
    rsreese@usgs.gov

    Date: 2001 (process 2 of 5)
    The Restudy of the Central and South Florida Project plans to utilize approximately 300 ASR wells in southern Florida. ASR technology has been tested and implemented in some areas of south Florida; ASR wells have been constructed at 24 sites in an area that extends southward from Charlotte, DeSoto, Glades, Okeechobee, and St. Lucie Counties, and wells are planned or are in the permitting process at five additional sites. A pilot ASR facility is being constructed by South Florida Water Management District on the Hillsboro Canal in southeastern Palm Beach County. Three ASR facilities are operational.

    Date: 2002 (process 3 of 5)
    Water-Resources Investigations Report WRIR 02-4036 was published. The report contains sections on factors affecting the recovery of freshwater, the hydrogeology of the Upper Floridian aquifer, inventory of well and test data, and case studies of four selected ASR sites.

    Date: Not complete (process 4 of 5)
    Work planned for FY 2003 includes:

    Data collection and inventory which involves visiting ASR facilities and water treatment plants, obtaining monthly operating reports and daily operational data, and obtaining well completion and cycle testing reports from consulting firms. The data will be inventoried using spreadsheets.

    The hydrologic framework data developed in previous studies will be reivsed and expanded using ASR well and other recently drilled wells. Hydrogeologic tops will be determined and maps showing the tops of the Upper Floridian aquifer, thickness of important units, and the distribution of transmissivity of the aquifer or zones within the aquifer (storage zones) will be developed.

    Available cycle testing data (rates, volumes, storage periods, and salinity of recovered water) will be evaluated. Recovery efficiencies (on a per cycle basis and on a cumulative basis) will be determined by two different methods and plots constructed. Comparative analyses of all ASR sites with adequate data will be conducted. Recovery efficiencies will be related to hydrogeologic and design/management factors including any operational problems that are occurring at a site.

    Reports and illustrations will be prepared.

    Date: 2004 (process 5 of 5)
    Work planned for FY 2004 includes:

    1. Data Collection and Inventory Continue to visit ASR facilities and water treatment plants, obtain monthly operating reports and daily operational data, and obtain well completion and cycle testing reports from consulting firms. Inventory data using spreadsheets. Input well location and construction data into the GWSI module of NWIS.

    2. Hydrogeologic delineation Geologic and hydrogeologic tops, flow zones, ambient salinity, and hydraulic properties will be determined at each site using geophysical logs, lithology, pump test, and other data. These interpretations and results will be related to the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Upper Floridan aquifer developed in previous or concurrent studies, including the regional structural and stratigraphic setting and distribution of salinity and permeability. During phase 1 of this project cycle test data from several sites suggested that salinity, transmissivity, and geologic structure can affect the efficient recovery of recharged feshwater, and salinity and transmissivity in the Upper Floridan aquifer are related to structure and stratigraphy.

    3. Evaluation Determine recovery efficiencies by two different methods (on a per cycle basis and on a cumulative basis) and construct plots showing volumes recharged and recovered with time and the variation of salinity during recovery for each cycle. Relate recovery efficiencies to hydrogeologic, design, and management factors from 1 and 2 above, including any operational problems that are occurring at a site. Conduct a comparative analysis of all ASR sites having adequate data using the factors determined to be most important. Determine the trend of recovery efficiency with cumulative water recharged at each site, and relate these trends for all sites.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Ronald Reese
    U.S. Geological Survey
    3110 SW 9th Avenue
    Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315
    USA

    954 377-5921 (voice)
    rsreese@usgs.gov

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

    Reese, Ronald S. Cunningham, Kevin J., 2000, Hydrogeology of the Gray Limestone Aquifer in Southern Florida: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 99-4213, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District
    Ronald S. Reese Steven J Memberg, 2000, Hydrogeology and the Distribution of Salinity in the Floridan Aquifer System, Palm Beach County, Florida: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 99-4061, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District

    accessed as of 10/4/2010

    Reese, Ronald S. , 2000, Hydrogeology and the Distribution of Salinity in the Floridan Aquifer System, Southwestern Florida: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 98-4253, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District

    accessed as of 10/4/2010

    Reese, Ronald S. , 1994, Hydrogeology and the distribution and origin of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, southeastern Florida: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 94-4010, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: accessed as of 12/30/2009
    Reese, Ronald S., 2002, Inventory and Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Southern Florida: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4036, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: accessed as of 12/30/2009
    Reese, R. S. Alvarez-Zarikian, C. A., 2007, Hydrogeology and Aquifer Storage and Recovery Performance in the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Southern Florida: USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5239, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: accessed as of 10/4/2010
    Reese, Ronald S. Richardson, Emily, 2008, Synthesis of the hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan Aqufier System and delineation of a major Avon Park permeable zone in central and southern Florida: USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5207, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    accessed as of 8/10/2010

    Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    not available

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    not applicable


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
None but acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Surey in products derived from these data would be appreciated

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 4)

    Ronald Reese
    U.S. Geological Survey
    3110 SW 9th Avenue
    Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315
    USA

    954 377-5921 (voice)
    rsreese@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    ASR review reports

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    There are no warranties implied or explicit for the data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 2 of 4)

    Heather S. Henkel
    U.S. Geological Survey
    600 Fourth St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL 33701
    USA

    727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
    727 803-2030 (FAX)
    hhenkel@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    ASR project hydraulic well-test data

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 3 of 4)

    Heather S. Henkel
    U.S. Geological Survey
    600 Fourth St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL 33701
    USA

    727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
    727 803-2030 (FAX)
    hhenkel@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    ASR project cycle test data

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 4 of 4)

    Heather S. Henkel
    U.S. Geological Survey
    600 Fourth St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL 33701
    USA

    727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
    727 803-2030 (FAX)
    hhenkel@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    ASR project ambient water quality

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 05-Oct-2010
Metadata author:
Heather Henkel
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
USA

727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
sofia-metadata@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)


This page is <http://sofia.usgs.gov/metadata/sflwww/ASR_04.faq.html>

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